[FLINK-26939][Table SQL / Planner] Add TRANSLATE supported in SQL & Table API

[dylanhz]

What is the purpose of the change

Add TRANSLATE function.
Examples:

> SELECT TRANSLATE('AaBbCc', 'abc', '123');
 A1B2C3

Brief change log

FLINK-26939

Verifying this change

StringFunctionsITCase#translateTestCases

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (docs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 96f7bce UNKNOWN

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