[FLINK-39029] move catalog store factory builder to new class

[lihaosky]

What is the purpose of the change

Refactor CatalogStoreFactory builder based on comments in #27394

Brief change log

Move builder to ApiFactoryUtil and only construct factory is store is not from settings.

Verifying this change

Added unit test

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (JavaDocs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• d9f1df9 Azure: FAILURE

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