[docs] Reintroduce a prebuilt fluss-quickstart-flink image for the main quickstart

[luoyuxia]

Search before asking

• I searched in the issues and found nothing similar.

Description

Parent issue: #2683

We should reintroduce a prebuilt apache/fluss-quickstart-flink image for the main Flink quickstart so that new users can start the guide without manually downloading and mounting JARs into a generic Flink container.

Scope:

• Define and add the docker/quickstart-flink image build
• Bundle the dependencies required by the main quickstart, such as the Fluss Flink connector, filesystem support, and demo connectors used in the guide
• Prefer a Flink 2.2 base image so the quickstart demonstrates the latest supported Flink line
• Update the main quickstart docs to use the prebuilt image as the default path

Notes:

• This issue is related to, but broader than, [docs] Upgrade flink docker image version to latest Flink 2.2 for quickstarts #2596
• The goal here is to restore the low-friction quickstart experience described in [docs] Reintroduce the fluss-quickstart-flink Docker image #2683

Willingness to contribute

• I'm willing to submit a PR!

[matrixsparse]

Hi @luoyuxia, I'd like to work on this issue. I'm interested in contributing to the Fluss community and would like to help reintroduce the prebuilt fluss-quickstart-flink image. I have experience with Docker image building and Flink integration.

[luoyuxia]

@matrixsparse Sorry, I'm already working on this since I removed it before.

[matrixsparse]

OK, thanks!