feat: introduce go binding

[luoyuxia]

Purpose

Linked issue: close #121

Brief change log

Introduce a Go binding for Apache Paimon Rust. Uses purego + libffi to call the paimon-c shared library without CGO, and the Arrow C Data Interface for zero-copy data exchange.

Brief change log

• Add bindings/go/ package: catalog, table, scan, read, plan, identifier, error handling, FFI framework, embedded library loading (zstd-compressed, platform-specific)
• TableRead.ToArrow(plan) returns a lazy RecordBatchReader with Next()/Close(), streaming Arrow batches one at a time instead of loading all into memory
• Add integration test and Makefile
• Add Go integration test step to CI workflow

Tests

IT

API and Format

TBD

Documentation

Will add in next following pr since the api may change during review

[luoyuxia]

Will introduce some thing like catalog factory to create filesystem catalog instead of hard coding to NewFileSystemCatalog.
Now, let's just make go works.

[luoyuxia]

the current api design follow python & java client. Myabe in the future we can consider have a simpler(but may not flexiable) api like:

tbl, err := paimon.OpenTable(path, paimon.NewIdentifier("default", "t1"))
  if err != nil { return err }
  defer tbl.Close()

  reader, err := tbl.NewRecordReader(ctx)
  if err != nil { return err }
  defer reader.Close()

  for {
      rec, err := reader.NextRecord()
      ...
  }

[luoyuxia]

I'll add build & reelase pipline in the next follow pr, and it only support mac/linux, if needed, I can support window in next pr.

[XiaoHongbo-Hope]

+1

[JingsongLi]

+1