[SPARK-42911][PYTHON][3.4] Introduce more basic exceptions

[ueshin]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Introduces more basic exceptions.

• ArithmeticException
• ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
• DateTimeException
• NumberFormatException
• SparkRuntimeException

Why are the changes needed?

There are more exceptions that Spark throws but PySpark doesn't capture.

We should introduce more basic exceptions; otherwise we still see Py4JJavaError or SparkConnectGrpcException.

>>> spark.conf.set("spark.sql.ansi.enabled", True)
>>> spark.sql("select 1/0")
DataFrame[(1 / 0): double]
>>> spark.sql("select 1/0").show()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
py4j.protocol.Py4JJavaError: An error occurred while calling o44.showString.
: org.apache.spark.SparkArithmeticException: [DIVIDE_BY_ZERO] Division by zero. Use `try_divide` to tolerate divisor being 0 and return NULL instead. If necessary set "spark.sql.ansi.enabled" to "false" to bypass this error.
== SQL(line 1, position 8) ==
select 1/0
       ^^^

	at org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryExecutionErrors$.divideByZeroError(QueryExecutionErrors.scala:225)
... JVM's stacktrace

>>> spark.sql("select 1/0").show()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
pyspark.errors.exceptions.connect.SparkConnectGrpcException: (org.apache.spark.SparkArithmeticException) [DIVIDE_BY_ZERO] Division by zero. Use `try_divide` to tolerate divisor being 0 and return NULL instead. If necessary set "spark.sql.ansi.enabled" to "false" to bypass this error.
== SQL(line 1, position 8) ==
select 1/0
       ^^^

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

The error message is more readable.

>>> spark.sql("select 1/0").show()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
pyspark.errors.exceptions.captured.ArithmeticException: [DIVIDE_BY_ZERO] Division by zero. Use `try_divide` to tolerate divisor being 0 and return NULL instead. If necessary set "spark.sql.ansi.enabled" to "false" to bypass this error.
== SQL(line 1, position 8) ==
select 1/0
       ^^^

or

>>> spark.sql("select 1/0").show()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
pyspark.errors.exceptions.connect.ArithmeticException: [DIVIDE_BY_ZERO] Division by zero. Use `try_divide` to tolerate divisor being 0 and return NULL instead. If necessary set "spark.sql.ansi.enabled" to "false" to bypass this error.
== SQL(line 1, position 8) ==
select 1/0
       ^^^

How was this patch tested?

Added the related tests.

[HyukjinKwon]

Merged to branch-3.4.