[SPARK-46642][PYTHON] Add getMessageTemplate to PySpark error framework

[itholic]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR proposes to add getMessageTemplate to PySpark error framework.

Why are the changes needed?

To provide users with a more flexible error message management method.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

New API getMessageTemplate is added:

try:
    spark.sql("""SELECT a""")
except AnalysisException as e:
    e.getMessageTemplate()
    // "A column, variable, or function parameter with name <objectName> cannot be resolved."

How was this patch tested?

Added UT.

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.