Add deep-link URL support to open command

README.md

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Flags:
 - `--device <name>`
 - `--udid <udid>` (iOS)
 - `--serial <serial>` (Android)
-- `--activity <component>` (Android; package/Activity or package/.Activity)
+- `--activity <component>` (Android app launch only; package/Activity or package/.Activity; not for URL opens)
 - `--session <name>`
 - `--verbose` for daemon and runner logs
 - `--json` for structured output
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ npx skills add https://github.com/callstackincubator/agent-device --skill agent-
 Sessions:
 - `open` starts a session. Without args boots/activates the target device/simulator without launching an app.
 - All interaction commands require an open session.
-- If a session is already open, `open <app>` switches the active app and updates the session app bundle.
+- If a session is already open, `open <app|url>` switches the active app or opens a deep link URL.
 - `close` stops the session and releases device resources. Pass an app to close it explicitly, or omit to just close the session.
 - Use `--session <name>` to manage multiple sessions.
 - Session scripts are written to `~/.agent-device/sessions/<session>-<timestamp>.ad` when recording is enabled with `--save-script`.
@@ -126,10 +126,21 @@ Sessions:
 Navigation helpers:
 - `boot --platform ios|android` ensures the target is ready without launching an app.
 - Use `boot` mainly when starting a new session and `open` fails because no booted simulator/emulator is available.
-- `open [app]` already boots/activates the selected target when needed.
+- `open [app|url]` already boots/activates the selected target when needed.
 - `reinstall <app> <path>` uninstalls and installs the app binary in one command (Android + iOS simulator in v1).
 - `reinstall` accepts package/bundle id style app names and supports `~` in paths.
 
+Deep links:
+- `open <url>` supports deep links with `scheme://...`.
+- Android opens deep links via `VIEW` intent.
+- iOS deep link open is simulator-only in v1.
+- `--activity` cannot be combined with URL opens.
+
+```bash
+agent-device open "myapp://home" --platform android
+agent-device open "https://example.com" --platform ios
+```
+
 Find (semantic):
 - `find <text> <action> [value]` finds by any text (label/value/identifier) using a scoped snapshot.
 - `find text|label|value|role|id <value> <action> [value]` for specific locators.

skills/agent-device/SKILL.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ npx -y agent-device
 
 ## Core workflow
 
-1. Open app: `open [app]` (`open` handles target selection + boot/activation in the normal flow)
+1. Open app or deep link: `open [app|url]` (`open` handles target selection + boot/activation in the normal flow)
 2. Snapshot: `snapshot` to get refs from accessibility tree
 3. Interact using refs (`click @ref`, `fill @ref "text"`)
 4. Re-snapshot after navigation/UI changes
@@ -41,8 +41,10 @@ npx -y agent-device
 agent-device boot                 # Ensure target is booted/ready without opening app
 agent-device boot --platform ios  # Boot iOS simulator
 agent-device boot --platform android # Boot Android emulator/device target
-agent-device open [app]           # Boot device/simulator; optionally launch app
-agent-device open [app] --activity com.example/.MainActivity # Android: open specific activity
+agent-device open [app|url]       # Boot device/simulator; optionally launch app or deep link URL
+agent-device open [app] --activity com.example/.MainActivity # Android: open specific activity (app targets only)
+agent-device open "myapp://home" --platform android          # Android deep link
+agent-device open "https://example.com" --platform ios       # iOS simulator deep link
 agent-device close [app]          # Close app or just end session
 agent-device reinstall <app> <path> # Uninstall + install app in one command
 agent-device session list         # List active sessions
@@ -168,10 +170,12 @@ agent-device apps --platform android --user-installed
 - Prefer `snapshot -i` to reduce output size.
 - On iOS, `xctest` is the default and does not require Accessibility permission.
 - If XCTest returns 0 nodes (foreground app changed), agent-device falls back to AX when available.
-- `open <app>` can be used within an existing session to switch apps and update the session bundle id.
+- `open <app|url>` can be used within an existing session to switch apps or open deep links.
+- `open <app>` updates session app bundle context; URL opens do not set an app bundle id.
 - If AX returns the Simulator window or empty tree, restart Simulator or use `--backend xctest`.
 - Use `--session <name>` for parallel sessions; avoid device contention.
-- Use `--activity <component>` on Android to launch a specific activity (e.g. TV apps with LEANBACK).
+- Use `--activity <component>` on Android to launch a specific activity (e.g. TV apps with LEANBACK); do not combine with URL opens.
+- iOS deep-link opens are simulator-only in v1.
 - Use `fill` when you want clear-then-type semantics.
 - Use `type` when you want to append/enter text without clearing.
 - On Android, prefer `fill` for important fields; it verifies entered text and retries once when IME reorders characters.

src/core/__tests__/open-target.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { isDeepLinkTarget } from '../open-target.ts';
+
+test('isDeepLinkTarget accepts URL-style deep links', () => {
+  assert.equal(isDeepLinkTarget('myapp://home'), true);
+  assert.equal(isDeepLinkTarget('https://example.com'), true);
+});
+
+test('isDeepLinkTarget rejects app identifiers and malformed URLs', () => {
+  assert.equal(isDeepLinkTarget('com.example.app'), false);
+  assert.equal(isDeepLinkTarget('settings'), false);
+  assert.equal(isDeepLinkTarget('http:/x'), false);
+});

src/core/dispatch.ts

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export async function dispatchCommand(
         await interactor.openDevice();
         return { app: null };
       }
-      await interactor.open(app, { activity: context?.activity });
+      await interactor.open(app, { activity: context?.activity, appBundleId: context?.appBundleId });
       return { app };
     }
     case 'close': {

src/core/open-target.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export function isDeepLinkTarget(input: string): boolean {
+  const value = input.trim();
+  if (!value) return false;
+  return /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+.-]*:\/\/.+/.test(value);
+}

src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session.test.ts

@@ -120,3 +120,95 @@ test('boot succeeds for supported device in session', async () => {
     assert.equal(response.data?.booted, true);
   }
 });
+
+test('open URL on existing iOS session clears stale app bundle id', async () => {
+  const sessionStore = makeSessionStore();
+  const sessionName = 'ios-session';
+  sessionStore.set(
+    sessionName,
+    {
+      ...makeSession(sessionName, {
+        platform: 'ios',
+        id: 'sim-1',
+        name: 'iPhone 15',
+        kind: 'simulator',
+        booted: true,
+      }),
+      appBundleId: 'com.example.old',
+      appName: 'Old App',
+    },
+  );
+
+  let dispatchedContext: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+  const response = await handleSessionCommands({
+    req: {
+      token: 't',
+      session: sessionName,
+      command: 'open',
+      positionals: ['https://example.com/path'],
+      flags: {},
+    },
+    sessionName,
+    logPath: path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'daemon.log'),
+    sessionStore,
+    invoke: noopInvoke,
+    dispatch: async (_device, _command, _positionals, _out, context) => {
+      dispatchedContext = context as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+      return {};
+    },
+    ensureReady: async () => {},
+  });
+
+  assert.ok(response);
+  assert.equal(response?.ok, true);
+  const updated = sessionStore.get(sessionName);
+  assert.equal(updated?.appBundleId, undefined);
+  assert.equal(updated?.appName, 'https://example.com/path');
+  assert.equal(dispatchedContext?.appBundleId, undefined);
+});
+
+test('open app on existing iOS session resolves and stores bundle id', async () => {
+  const sessionStore = makeSessionStore();
+  const sessionName = 'ios-session';
+  sessionStore.set(
+    sessionName,
+    {
+      ...makeSession(sessionName, {
+        platform: 'ios',
+        id: 'sim-1',
+        name: 'iPhone 15',
+        kind: 'simulator',
+        booted: true,
+      }),
+      appBundleId: 'com.example.old',
+      appName: 'Old App',
+    },
+  );
+
+  let dispatchedContext: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+  const response = await handleSessionCommands({
+    req: {
+      token: 't',
+      session: sessionName,
+      command: 'open',
+      positionals: ['settings'],
+      flags: {},
+    },
+    sessionName,
+    logPath: path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'daemon.log'),
+    sessionStore,
+    invoke: noopInvoke,
+    dispatch: async (_device, _command, _positionals, _out, context) => {
+      dispatchedContext = context as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+      return {};
+    },
+    ensureReady: async () => {},
+  });
+
+  assert.ok(response);
+  assert.equal(response?.ok, true);
+  const updated = sessionStore.get(sessionName);
+  assert.equal(updated?.appBundleId, 'com.apple.Preferences');
+  assert.equal(updated?.appName, 'settings');
+  assert.equal(dispatchedContext?.appBundleId, 'com.apple.Preferences');
+});

src/daemon/handlers/session.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import { dispatchCommand, resolveTargetDevice } from '../../core/dispatch.ts';
 import { isCommandSupportedOnDevice } from '../../core/capabilities.ts';
+import { isDeepLinkTarget } from '../../core/open-target.ts';
 import { AppError, asAppError } from '../../utils/errors.ts';
 import type { DeviceInfo } from '../../utils/device.ts';
 import type { DaemonRequest, DaemonResponse, SessionAction, SessionState } from '../types.ts';
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ export async function handleSessionCommands(params: {
         };
       }
       let appBundleId: string | undefined;
-      if (session.device.platform === 'ios') {
+      if (session.device.platform === 'ios' && !isDeepLinkTarget(appName)) {
         try {
           const { resolveIosApp } = await import('../../platforms/ios/index.ts');
           appBundleId = await resolveIosApp(session.device, appName);
@@ -340,10 +341,10 @@ export async function handleSessionCommands(params: {
     }
     let appBundleId: string | undefined;
     const appName = req.positionals?.[0];
-    if (device.platform === 'ios') {
+    if (device.platform === 'ios' && appName && !isDeepLinkTarget(appName)) {
       try {
         const { resolveIosApp } = await import('../../platforms/ios/index.ts');
-        appBundleId = await resolveIosApp(device, req.positionals?.[0] ?? '');
+        appBundleId = await resolveIosApp(device, appName);
       } catch {
         appBundleId = undefined;
       }

src/platforms/android/__tests__/index.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import { parseAndroidLaunchComponent } from '../index.ts';
+import { openAndroidApp, parseAndroidLaunchComponent } from '../index.ts';
+import type { DeviceInfo } from '../../../utils/device.ts';
+import { AppError } from '../../../utils/errors.ts';
 import { findBounds, parseUiHierarchy } from '../ui-hierarchy.ts';
 
 test('parseUiHierarchy reads double-quoted Android node attributes', () => {
@@ -89,3 +91,22 @@ test('parseAndroidLaunchComponent returns null when no component is present', ()
   const stdout = 'No activity found';
   assert.equal(parseAndroidLaunchComponent(stdout), null);
 });
+
+test('openAndroidApp rejects activity override for deep link URLs', async () => {
+  const device: DeviceInfo = {
+    platform: 'android',
+    id: 'emulator-5554',
+    name: 'Pixel',
+    kind: 'emulator',
+    booted: true,
+  };
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    () => openAndroidApp(device, '  https://example.com/path  ', '.MainActivity'),
+    (error: unknown) => {
+      assert.equal(error instanceof AppError, true);
+      assert.equal((error as AppError).code, 'INVALID_ARGS');
+      return true;
+    },
+  );
+});

src/platforms/android/index.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { withRetry } from '../../utils/retry.ts';
 import { AppError } from '../../utils/errors.ts';
 import type { DeviceInfo } from '../../utils/device.ts';
 import type { RawSnapshotNode, SnapshotOptions } from '../../utils/snapshot.ts';
+import { isDeepLinkTarget } from '../../core/open-target.ts';
 import { waitForAndroidBoot } from './devices.ts';
 import { findBounds, parseBounds, parseUiHierarchy, readNodeAttributes } from './ui-hierarchy.ts';
 
@@ -157,6 +158,23 @@ export async function openAndroidApp(
   if (!device.booted) {
     await waitForAndroidBoot(device.id);
   }
+  const deepLinkTarget = app.trim();
+  if (isDeepLinkTarget(deepLinkTarget)) {
+    if (activity) {
+      throw new AppError('INVALID_ARGS', 'Activity override is not supported when opening a deep link URL');
+    }
+    await runCmd('adb', adbArgs(device, [
+      'shell',
+      'am',
+      'start',
+      '-W',
+      '-a',
+      'android.intent.action.VIEW',
+      '-d',
+      deepLinkTarget,
+    ]));
+    return;
+  }
   const resolved = await resolveAndroidApp(device, app);
   if (resolved.type === 'intent') {
     if (activity) {

src/platforms/ios/__tests__/index.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { openIosApp } from '../index.ts';
+import type { DeviceInfo } from '../../../utils/device.ts';
+import { AppError } from '../../../utils/errors.ts';
+
+test('openIosApp rejects deep links on iOS physical devices', async () => {
+  const device: DeviceInfo = {
+    platform: 'ios',
+    id: 'ios-device-1',
+    name: 'iPhone Device',
+    kind: 'device',
+    booted: true,
+  };
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    () => openIosApp(device, 'https://example.com/path'),
+    (error: unknown) => {
+      assert.equal(error instanceof AppError, true);
+      assert.equal((error as AppError).code, 'UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION');
+      return true;
+    },
+  );
+});

src/platforms/ios/index.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { ExecResult } from '../../utils/exec.ts';
 import { AppError } from '../../utils/errors.ts';
 import type { DeviceInfo } from '../../utils/device.ts';
 import { Deadline, isEnvTruthy, retryWithPolicy, TIMEOUT_PROFILES, type RetryTelemetryEvent } from '../../utils/retry.ts';
+import { isDeepLinkTarget } from '../../core/open-target.ts';
 import { bootFailureHint, classifyBootFailure } from '../boot-diagnostics.ts';
 
 const ALIASES: Record<string, string> = {
@@ -35,8 +36,22 @@ export async function resolveIosApp(device: DeviceInfo, app: string): Promise<st
   throw new AppError('APP_NOT_INSTALLED', `No app found matching "${app}"`);
 }
 
-export async function openIosApp(device: DeviceInfo, app: string): Promise<void> {
-  const bundleId = await resolveIosApp(device, app);
+export async function openIosApp(
+  device: DeviceInfo,
+  app: string,
+  options?: { appBundleId?: string },
+): Promise<void> {
+  const deepLinkTarget = app.trim();
+  if (isDeepLinkTarget(deepLinkTarget)) {
+    if (device.kind !== 'simulator') {
+      throw new AppError('UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION', 'Deep link open is only supported on iOS simulators in v1');
+    }
+    await ensureBootedSimulator(device);
+    await runCmd('open', ['-a', 'Simulator'], { allowFailure: true });
+    await runCmd('xcrun', ['simctl', 'openurl', device.id, deepLinkTarget]);
+    return;
+  }
+  const bundleId = options?.appBundleId ?? (await resolveIosApp(device, app));
   if (device.kind === 'simulator') {
     await ensureBootedSimulator(device);
     await runCmd('open', ['-a', 'Simulator'], { allowFailure: true });

src/utils/args.ts

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ CLI to control iOS and Android devices for AI agents.
 
 Commands:
   boot                                      Ensure target device/simulator is booted and ready
-  open [app]                                 Boot device/simulator; optionally launch app
+  open [app|url]                             Boot device/simulator; optionally launch app or deep link URL
   close [app]                                Close app or just end session
   reinstall <app> <path>                     Uninstall + install app from binary path
   snapshot [-i] [-c] [-d <depth>] [-s <scope>] [--raw] [--backend ax|xctest]
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ Flags:
   --device <name>                            Device name to target
   --udid <udid>                              iOS device UDID
   --serial <serial>                          Android device serial
-  --activity <component>                     Android activity to launch (package/Activity)
+  --activity <component>                     Android app launch activity (package/Activity); not for URL opens
   --session <name>                           Named session
   --verbose                                  Stream daemon/runner logs
   --json                                     JSON output

src/utils/interactors.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export type RunnerContext = {
 };
 
 export type Interactor = {
-  open(app: string, options?: { activity?: string }): Promise<void>;
+  open(app: string, options?: { activity?: string; appBundleId?: string }): Promise<void>;
   openDevice(): Promise<void>;
   close(app: string): Promise<void>;
   tap(x: number, y: number): Promise<void>;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export function getInteractor(device: DeviceInfo, runnerContext: RunnerContext):
       };
     case 'ios':
       return {
-        open: (app) => openIosApp(device, app),
+        open: (app, options) => openIosApp(device, app, { appBundleId: options?.appBundleId }),
         openDevice: () => openIosDevice(device),
         close: (app) => closeIosApp(device, app),
         screenshot: (outPath) => screenshotIos(device, outPath),