Extend package-specific tsconfig files from shared configs

We have [a set of shared tsconfigs](https://github.com/callstackincubator/react-native-node-api/tree/main/configs) that we could extend from to keep things DRY and aligned across all CLI packages, tests and "common" code.

While we're at it:
- Extend from @types/node24 instead of @types/node22
- Enable source-maps in CLI projects
