code · pull · May 15, 2026 · May 14, 2026 · May 14, 2026 · May 14, 2026
diff --git a/bun.lock b/bun.lock
diff --git a/packages/animated-emoji/package.json b/packages/animated-emoji/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@remotion/animated-emoji",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"main": "dist/cjs/index.js",
 	"types": "dist/cjs/index.d.ts",
 	"module": "dist/esm/index.mjs",

diff --git a/packages/animation-utils/package.json b/packages/animation-utils/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 		"name": "Chetan Karwa",
 		"email": "cbkarwa@gmail.com"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Helpers for animating CSS properties",
 	"main": "./dist/index.js",
 	"module": "./dist/index.mjs",

diff --git a/packages/astro-example/package.json b/packages/astro-example/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 	"name": "@remotion/astro-example",
 	"private": true,
 	"type": "module",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"scripts": {
 		"dev": "astro dev",
 		"start": "astro dev",

diff --git a/packages/babel-loader/package.json b/packages/babel-loader/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/babel-loader"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/babel-loader",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Babel loader for Remotion",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"scripts": {

diff --git a/packages/brand/package.json b/packages/brand/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/brand"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/brand",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"private": true,
 	"sideEffects": [
 		"*.css"

diff --git a/packages/bugs/package.json b/packages/bugs/package.json
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
 	},
 	"name": "bugs",
 	"private": true,
-	"version": "4.0.461"
+	"version": "4.0.462"
 }
diff --git a/packages/bundler/package.json b/packages/bundler/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/bundler"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/bundler",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Bundle Remotion compositions using Webpack",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"bugs": {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 		"loader-utils": "2.0.4",
 		"postcss": "8.5.10",
 		"postcss-value-parser": "4.2.0",
-		"esbuild": "0.25.0",
+		"esbuild": "0.28.0",
 		"react-refresh": "0.18.0",
 		"remotion": "workspace:*",
 		"@remotion/studio": "workspace:*",

diff --git a/packages/bundler/src/bundle.ts b/packages/bundler/src/bundle.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ export type MandatoryLegacyBundleOptions = {
 	keyboardShortcutsEnabled: boolean;
 	askAIEnabled: boolean;
 	rspack: boolean;
+	/**
+	 * If true, the public directory is symlinked into the bundle output instead of copied.
+	 * Safe for throwaway bundles (e.g. CLI render where the output folder is deleted after);
+	 * do not use when the bundle must be self-contained for deployment.
+	 * Has no effect on Windows, where the public directory is always copied.
+	 */
+	symlinkPublicDir: boolean;
 };
 
 export type LegacyBundleOptions = Partial<MandatoryLegacyBundleOptions>;
@@ -360,16 +367,20 @@ export const internalBundle = async (
 	};
 
 	if (fs.existsSync(from)) {
-		await copyDir({
-			src: from,
-			dest: to,
-			onSymlinkDetected: showSymlinkWarning,
-			onProgress: (prog) => {
-				return options.onPublicDirCopyProgress?.(prog);
-			},
-			copiedBytes: 0,
-			lastReportedProgress: 0,
-		});
+		if (actualArgs.symlinkPublicDir && process.platform !== 'win32') {
+			await fs.promises.symlink(from, to);
+		} else {
+			await copyDir({
+				src: from,
+				dest: to,
+				onSymlinkDetected: showSymlinkWarning,
+				onProgress: (prog) => {
+					return options.onPublicDirCopyProgress?.(prog);
+				},
+				copiedBytes: 0,
+				lastReportedProgress: 0,
+			});
+		}
 	}
 
 	const html = indexHtml({
@@ -448,6 +459,7 @@ export async function bundle(...args: Arguments): Promise<string> {
 		askAIEnabled: actualArgs.askAIEnabled ?? true,
 		keyboardShortcutsEnabled: actualArgs.keyboardShortcutsEnabled ?? true,
 		rspack: actualArgs.rspack ?? false,
+		symlinkPublicDir: actualArgs.symlinkPublicDir ?? false,
 	});
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/packages/captions/package.json b/packages/captions/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/captions"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/captions",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Primitives for dealing with captions",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"bugs": {

diff --git a/packages/cli/package.json b/packages/cli/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/cli"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/cli",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Control Remotion features using the `npx remotion` command",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"bin": {

diff --git a/packages/cli/src/setup-cache.ts b/packages/cli/src/setup-cache.ts
@@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ export const bundleOnCli = async ({
 		askAIEnabled,
 		keyboardShortcutsEnabled,
 		rspack,
+		// Ephemeral CLI bundles (render/still/compositions/benchmark) use a temp dir; symlink avoids copying huge public folders. `npx remotion bundle` passes a fixed outDir and keeps deep copy for deployable output.
+		symlinkPublicDir: outDir === null,
 	};
 
 	const [hash] = await BundlerInternals.getConfig({

diff --git a/packages/cloudrun/container/package.json b/packages/cloudrun/container/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "cloud-run-render",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Render media and stills on GCP Cloud Run",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"scripts": {

diff --git a/packages/cloudrun/package.json b/packages/cloudrun/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/cloudrun"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/cloudrun",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Render Remotion videos on Google Cloud Run",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"scripts": {

diff --git a/packages/cloudrun/src/api/deploy-site.ts b/packages/cloudrun/src/api/deploy-site.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ export const internalDeploySiteRaw = async ({
 			askAIEnabled: options?.askAIEnabled ?? true,
 			keyboardShortcutsEnabled: options?.keyboardShortcutsEnabled ?? true,
 			rspack: options?.rspack ?? false,
+			symlinkPublicDir: false,
 		}),
 	]);
 

diff --git a/packages/codex-plugin/package.json b/packages/codex-plugin/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@remotion/codex-plugin",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"private": true,
 	"type": "module",
 	"repository": {

diff --git a/packages/compositor-darwin-arm64/package.json b/packages/compositor-darwin-arm64/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-darwin-arm64"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-darwin-arm64",
 	"os": [
 		"darwin"

diff --git a/packages/compositor-darwin-arm64/remotion b/packages/compositor-darwin-arm64/remotion
diff --git a/packages/compositor-darwin-x64/package.json b/packages/compositor-darwin-x64/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-darwin-x64"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-darwin-x64",
 	"os": [
 		"darwin"

diff --git a/packages/compositor-darwin-x64/remotion b/packages/compositor-darwin-x64/remotion
diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-gnu/package.json b/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-gnu/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-gnu"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-linux-arm64-gnu",
 	"os": [
 		"linux"

diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-gnu/remotion b/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-gnu/remotion
diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-musl/package.json b/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-musl/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-musl"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-linux-arm64-musl",
 	"os": [
 		"linux"

diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-musl/remotion b/packages/compositor-linux-arm64-musl/remotion
diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-x64-gnu/package.json b/packages/compositor-linux-x64-gnu/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-linux-x64-gnu"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-linux-x64-gnu",
 	"os": [
 		"linux"

diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-x64-gnu/remotion b/packages/compositor-linux-x64-gnu/remotion
diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-x64-musl/package.json b/packages/compositor-linux-x64-musl/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-linux-x64-musl"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-linux-x64-musl",
 	"os": [
 		"linux"

diff --git a/packages/compositor-linux-x64-musl/remotion b/packages/compositor-linux-x64-musl/remotion
diff --git a/packages/compositor-win32-x64-msvc/package.json b/packages/compositor-win32-x64-msvc/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"repository": {
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor-win32-x64-msvc"
 	},
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor-win32-x64-msvc",
 	"os": [
 		"win32"

diff --git a/packages/compositor/package.json b/packages/compositor/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/compositor"
 	},
 	"name": "@remotion/compositor",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Rust binary for Remotion",
 	"scripts": {
 		"build-all": "bun build.ts --all"

diff --git a/packages/convert/package.json b/packages/convert/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@remotion/convert",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"private": true,
 	"type": "module",
 	"author": "Jonny Burger <jonny@remotion.dev>, Hunain Ahmed <junaidhunain6@gmail.com>",

diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"url": "https://github.com/remotion-dev/remotion/tree/main/packages/core"
 	},
 	"name": "remotion",
-	"version": "4.0.461",
+	"version": "4.0.462",
 	"description": "Make videos programmatically",
 	"main": "dist/cjs/index.js",
 	"types": "dist/cjs/index.d.ts",

diff --git a/packages/core/src/CompositionManager.tsx b/packages/core/src/CompositionManager.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import React from 'react';
 import type {AnyZodObject} from './any-zod-type.js';
 import type {CalculateMetadataFunction} from './Composition.js';
 import type {DownloadBehavior} from './download-behavior.js';
-import type {EffectDefinitionAndStack} from './effects/effect-types.js';
+import type {EffectDefinition} from './effects/effect-types.js';
 import type {NonceHistory} from './nonce.js';
 import type {InferProps, PropsIfHasProps} from './props-if-has-props.js';
 import type {SequenceSchema} from './sequence-field-schema.js';
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export type TSequence = {
 	premountDisplay: number | null;
 	postmountDisplay: number | null;
 	controls: SequenceControls | null;
-	effects: EffectDefinitionAndStack<unknown>[];
+	effects: readonly EffectDefinition<unknown>[];
 } & EnhancedTSequenceData;
 
 export type AudioOrVideoAsset = {