Add some limits to os-features

[thaJeztah]

• follow-up to / stacked on refactor, optimize FormatAll, ParseAll #30

Add some limits to os-features

---

Baseline -> #30 -> this PR;

goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/containerd/platforms
cpu: Apple M3 Pro
                                                             │   before.txt   │              after.txt              │
                                                             │     sec/op     │   sec/op     vs base                │
ParseOSOptions/valid_windows_version_and_feature                  576.1n ± 3%   570.1n ± 1%        ~ (p=0.101 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/valid_but_lengthy_features                         1.879µ ± 0%   1.884µ ± 1%        ~ (p=0.254 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/exploding_plus_chain                               518.0µ ± 0%   518.0µ ± 0%        ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/kernel_config_feature_blob                         775.0µ ± 1%   775.0µ ± 1%        ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/plain_linux_amd64                             39.66n ± 1%   38.89n ± 2%   -1.93% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/windows_version_and_feature                   136.0n ± 1%   137.1n ± 1%   +0.77% (p=0.011 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/valid_but_lengthy_features                    151.1n ± 1%   151.5n ± 1%        ~ (p=0.424 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/skips_empty_features                          170.0n ± 1%   172.5n ± 1%   +1.47% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/kernel_config_feature_blob                 74986.00n ± 2%   59.92n ± 1%  -99.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/many_kernel_config_features_with_empties   71413.50n ± 1%   59.02n ± 1%  -99.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/too_many_features                             88.63n ± 1%   59.05n ± 2%  -33.37% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                           2.542µ        671.7n       -73.57%

                                                             │   before.txt   │               after.txt                │
                                                             │      B/op      │     B/op      vs base                  │
ParseOSOptions/valid_windows_version_and_feature                   208.0 ± 0%     208.0 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/valid_but_lengthy_features                        1.109Ki ± 0%   1.109Ki ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/exploding_plus_chain                              496.4Ki ± 0%   496.4Ki ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/kernel_config_feature_blob                        720.4Ki ± 0%   720.4Ki ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/plain_linux_amd64                              16.00 ± 0%     16.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/windows_version_and_feature                    160.0 ± 0%     160.0 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/valid_but_lengthy_features                     72.00 ± 0%     72.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/skips_empty_features                           136.0 ± 0%     136.0 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/kernel_config_feature_blob                 294920.00 ± 0%     24.00 ± 0%  -99.99% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/many_kernel_config_features_with_empties   124408.00 ± 0%     24.00 ± 0%  -99.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/too_many_features                              24.00 ± 0%     24.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                                                          1.945Ki          388.8       -80.48%
¹ all samples are equal

                                                             │ before.txt  │              after.txt               │
                                                             │  allocs/op  │ allocs/op   vs base                  │
ParseOSOptions/valid_windows_version_and_feature                4.000 ± 0%   4.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/valid_but_lengthy_features                       10.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/exploding_plus_chain                             12.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/kernel_config_feature_blob                       13.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/plain_linux_amd64                           1.000 ± 0%   1.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/windows_version_and_feature                 5.000 ± 0%   5.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/valid_but_lengthy_features                  4.000 ± 0%   4.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/skips_empty_features                        5.000 ± 0%   5.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/kernel_config_feature_blob                  5.000 ± 0%   2.000 ± 0%  -60.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/many_kernel_config_features_with_empties   21.000 ± 0%   2.000 ± 0%  -90.48% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/too_many_features                           2.000 ± 0%   2.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                                                         5.469        4.064       -25.70%
¹ all samples are equal

Compared to baseline (before #30)

Details

goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/containerd/platforms
cpu: Apple M3 Pro
                                                             │  baseline.txt   │              after.txt              │
                                                             │     sec/op      │   sec/op     vs base                │
ParseOSOptions/valid_windows_version_and_feature                   583.3n ± 2%   570.1n ± 1%   -2.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/valid_but_lengthy_features                          1.879µ ± 1%   1.884µ ± 1%        ~ (p=0.567 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/exploding_plus_chain                                518.0µ ± 0%   518.0µ ± 0%        ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/kernel_config_feature_blob                          775.9µ ± 0%   775.0µ ± 1%        ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/plain_linux_amd64                              41.93n ± 1%   38.89n ± 2%   -7.26% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/windows_version_and_feature                    204.0n ± 1%   137.1n ± 1%  -32.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/valid_but_lengthy_features                     911.3n ± 1%   151.5n ± 1%  -83.37% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/skips_empty_features                           295.4n ± 1%   172.5n ± 1%  -41.61% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/kernel_config_feature_blob                  79846.50n ± 0%   59.92n ± 1%  -99.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/many_kernel_config_features_with_empties   574006.00n ± 1%   59.02n ± 1%  -99.99% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/too_many_features                             610.55n ± 1%   59.05n ± 2%  -90.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                            4.760µ        671.7n       -85.89%

                                                             │  baseline.txt   │                after.txt                │
                                                             │      B/op       │     B/op      vs base                   │
ParseOSOptions/valid_windows_version_and_feature                    224.0 ± 0%     208.0 ± 0%    -7.14% (p=0.000 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/valid_but_lengthy_features                         1.109Ki ± 0%   1.109Ki ± 0%         ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/exploding_plus_chain                               496.4Ki ± 0%   496.4Ki ± 0%         ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/kernel_config_feature_blob                         720.4Ki ± 0%   720.4Ki ± 0%         ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/plain_linux_amd64                               16.00 ± 0%     16.00 ± 0%         ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/windows_version_and_feature                     184.0 ± 0%     160.0 ± 0%   -13.04% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/valid_but_lengthy_features                    1776.00 ± 0%     72.00 ± 0%   -95.95% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/skips_empty_features                            176.0 ± 0%     136.0 ± 0%   -22.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/kernel_config_feature_blob                  368697.00 ± 0%     24.00 ± 0%   -99.99% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/many_kernel_config_features_with_empties   6881844.50 ± 0%     24.00 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/too_many_features                              272.00 ± 0%     24.00 ± 0%   -91.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                           4.980Ki          388.8        -92.37%
¹ all samples are equal

                                                             │ baseline.txt  │              after.txt               │
                                                             │   allocs/op   │ allocs/op   vs base                  │
ParseOSOptions/valid_windows_version_and_feature                  5.000 ± 0%   4.000 ± 0%  -20.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
ParseOSOptions/valid_but_lengthy_features                         10.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/exploding_plus_chain                               12.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
ParseOSOptions/kernel_config_feature_blob                         13.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/plain_linux_amd64                             1.000 ± 0%   1.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
FormatAllOSFeatures/windows_version_and_feature                   6.000 ± 0%   5.000 ± 0%  -16.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/valid_but_lengthy_features                   22.000 ± 0%   4.000 ± 0%  -81.82% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/skips_empty_features                          8.000 ± 0%   5.000 ± 0%  -37.50% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/kernel_config_feature_blob                    8.000 ± 0%   2.000 ± 0%  -75.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/many_kernel_config_features_with_empties   1034.000 ± 0%   2.000 ± 0%  -99.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
FormatAllOSFeatures/too_many_features                            20.000 ± 0%   2.000 ± 0%  -90.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                           12.68        4.064       -67.95%
¹ all samples are equal

[thaJeztah]

cc @estesp @dmcgowan @sudo-bmitch

These are just some arbitrary limits, and probably should be discussed to see what limits we think are reasonable.

We could also consider adding a new Format option that;

• can return an error if we reach a limit
• allows passing in WHAT options to include in the format (and/or provide a utility with "well-known" os-features / options)
• ☝️ this could also be handled in a more flexible Normalize function.

My main goal with this PR was to prevent situations where (e.g.) FormatAll is used on an image that contains random os.features, resulting in an unusable string.

Maybe it's also worth considering defining a list of "well-known" os-features as part of the OCI specs somewhere; this preserves the existing flexibility (not all features have to be "well-known"), but could define that implementers MAY omit, ignore, or discard options not in the "well-known" list.