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APL 108: Mechanics of Solids for Civil Engineers (Fall semester 2025)

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Course Info

Credit: 5 units (3-1-2)

Instructors: Prof. Rajdip Nayek (rajdipn@am.iitd.ac.in)

Class timings: Tue, Thu & Fri (11:00 AM to 12:00 PM) at LHC 408

Tutorial Session: Wed (3:00 to 4:00 PM), LHC 308

Tutorial Attd: An attendance list of students in tutorial sessions can be found here.

Office hours (TA): Fri 4:00-5:00 pm (in Block 4 Room B-24)

Course Policy can be found here.

Intended audience: BTech students in Civil Engineering

NOTE: For all course related emails, please put APL108 in the subject line

Lecture Schedule

Module Topics Lecture Notes
Mod 01 Recap of Engineering Mechanics
& Motivation for Solid Mechanics
Recap
Additional requirements for deformable bodies
Mod 02 Traction Vector and Stress Tensor Traction vector
Stress Tensor
Mod 03 Stress Equilibrium Eqns and Traction BC Stress Equilibrium & Traction BC
Mod 04 Principal stress, Principal planes
Planes of max/min shear stress
Principal Stress and Max/Min Shear Stress
Mod 05 2D and 3D Stress Mohr's circles Stress Mohr's Circle
Mod 06 Stress Invariants, Octahedral Stresses
Hydrostatic and Deviatoric Stress
Addn. topics on Stress tensor
Mod 07 Concept of Normal and Shear Strain
Strain displacement relation
Strain compatibility
Normal and Shear Strain
Strain displacement relation and Strain Tensor
Strain-Compatibility
Other topics on strain tensor
Mod 08 Constitutive relations Material Behavior and Modeling
Response of real materials and idealizations
Linear elastic isotropic model
Mod 09 Applications of elasticity Axial loading and deformation
Torsion of circular members
Uniform bending of beams
Non-uniform bending of beams
Uniform beam bending with unsymmetrical C/S and/or loading
Transverse deflections of beams using Euler-Bernoulli theory
Mod 10 Energy Methods Work-Energy Principle
Castigliano's 2nd theorem
Virtual Work and Minimum Potential Energy Theorem (extra)

Tutorial Schedule

Topics Tutorial Questions Tutorial Solutions
Study of forces Tutorial 1 Solution
Force-Deformation and Compatibility equations Tutorial 2 Solution
Traction and Stress Equilibrium Tutorial 3 Solution
Principal Stresses and Principal Planes Tutorial 4 Solution
Mohr's Circle Tutorial 5 Solution
Strain Tutorial 6 Solution
Complete equations of linear elasticity Tutorial 7 Solution
Applications of Extension and Torision Tutorial 8 Solution
Uniform and non-uniform bending of beams with symmetric C/S Tutorial 9 Solution
Euler-Bernoulli beams
& Energy Methods
Tutorial 10 Solution

Table of Contents

Course Outline

This is the first course where the deformation of solid bodies and the underlying concepts are introduced to undergraduate students. The course begins by building a foundation of the concepts of stress and strain in three-dimensional deformable bodies. It further uses these concepts to study the extension, torsion, and bending of beams. The one-dimensional theory of beams is also introduced. Various theories of failure that are critical for the design of machine elements in the industry will also be discussed.

Course Layout

  • Fundamental Principles of Mechanics; Introduction to mechanics of deformable bodies
  • Stress tensor and its representation in Cartesian coordinate system; Transformation of stress matrix; Equations of equilibrium; Symmetry of stress tensor
  • State of stress in simple cases; Principal stress components and principal planes; Maximizing shear component of traction; Mohr’s circle
  • Stress invariants; Octahedral Plane; Decomposition of stress tensor; Concept of strain and strain tensor
  • Longitudinal, shear, and volumetric strains; Local infinitesimal rotation; Strain compatibility condition
  • Linear stress-strain relation for isotropic bodies; Relation between material constants
  • Stress and strain matrices in the cylindrical coordinate system; Equations of equilibrium in the cylindrical coordinate system
  • Axisymmetric deformations: combined extension-torsion-inflation of a cylinder
  • Bending of beams having symmetrical cross-section
  • Shear center, Shear flow in thin and open cross-section beams; Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories; beam buckling
  • Energy methods, Reciprocal relations, Castigliano’s theorem, Deflection of straight and curved beams using the energy method
  • Various theories of failure and their application

Course References

This course is based on two textbooks:

  • Archer, Cook, Crandall, Dahl, Lardner, McClintock, Rabinowicz, Reichenbach, "An Introduction To The Mechanics Of Solids", Tata Mcgraw Hill, 2012
  • Kumar, Ajeet, "Solid Mechanics for Undergraduates - Using Vectors and Tensors", White Falcon Publishing, 2024.

Other references

  • Boresi, Arthur, "Advanced Mechanics of Materials", Wiley, 2019
  • Solid Mechanics (NPTEL) by Prof. Ajeet Kumar [video link]
  • Srinath, L.S., "Advanced Solid Mechanics", Tata-MgGraw-Hill, 2008.
  • Hibbeler, R. C., "Mechanics of Materials", Prentice Hall, 2014
  • Timoshenko, S.P. and Goodier, J.N., "Theory of Elasticity", McGraw Hill, 2017.
  • Sadd, M.H., "Elasticity: Theory, Applications and Numerics", Elsevier, 2005

Grading

Component Scores Solutions
Quizzes 20
Minor 20 MinorSol
Practical 20
Major 35 MajorSol
Tutorial Attd 5
Total 100
Grades Check grades

Course Attendance

Students are highly encouraged to attend all classes. Students who have failed this course were found to have attended less than 60% of the total classes on average. If any student has less than 75% tutorial attendance, he/she will get one grade less than they would have been awarded. In case of unavoidable absence, such as illness, please send an appropriate email within a week before/after the absence with an email subject specifying the subject code APL 104.

Please note that re-quizzes will not be offered for missed quizzes, regardless of the reason.

Retakes will be provided only for Minor and Major exams.

Policy for Cheating

Both copiers and copyees are guilty of cheating and will receive an equal penalty. The penalty includes a zero mark on the corresponding exam. Please do not do anything you might regret.

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