updated CI to Clang 18#5305

Merged

chrchr-github merged 10 commits intocppcheck-opensource:mainfrom

firewave:clang-18

Jan 30, 2024

Commits on Jan 30, 2024

clang_tidy.cmake: added `run-clang-tidy-18` to binaries to look for
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updated CI to Clang 18
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disabled clang-tidy check `performance-enum-size` for now
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stacktrace.cpp: mitigated `bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion` clang-tidy warning
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compilerDefinitions.cmake: enable new (and most extensive) hardening mode with `libc++`
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re-enabled `modernize-use-nullptr` clang-tidy check as `-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant` as adjusted for clang 18 and no longer detects the same cases
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compileroptions.cmake: disabled `-Wswitch-default` Clang warning
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fixed `readability-avoid-return-with-void-value` clang-tidy warnings
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disabled `readability-avoid-nested-conditional-operator` clang-tidy check for now
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fixed `readability-redundant-casting` clang-tidy warnings
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