Fix #12505 (cli: Add option --check-version to pin cppcheck version)

[danmar]

I chose to not add it in the help output. But I don't have a strong opinion it can be added there also.

This option was added for the safety certification. It could be very bad if a user runs one version of cppcheck and thinks that he runs another version.

[firewave]

What is the actual use case for this? I have never seen something like this and I do not like this at all.

[firewave]

We should simply return the raw version via something like --version-short and not add any logic at all to the application.

[danmar]

We should simply return the raw version via something like --version-short and not add any logic at all to the application.

I don't see how that would help. It's the full --version output that is interesting for safety.