address deprecation warnings in GitHub workflows / fixed check for libstdc++ debug mode step

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This updates the actions used in the workflows to address the following warning:

Node.js 12 actions are deprecated. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2022-09-22-github-actions-all-actions-will-begin-running-on-node16-instead-of-node12/. Please update the following actions to use Node.js 16

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There's also this:

The ubuntu-18.04 environment is deprecated, consider switching to ubuntu-20.04(ubuntu-latest), or ubuntu-22.04 instead. For more details see https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/6002