OG image hardening, install rate-limit logging, and duplicate-company prevention #399

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Final Result: Bugbot completed review and found 1 potential issue.

Request ID: serverGenReqId_37ed2798-82ee-4e8c-9477-a4a0c736d82b

Cursor Bugbot has reviewed your changes using default effort and found 1 potential issue.

^{Bugbot Autofix is ON. A cloud agent has been kicked off to fix the reported issue.}

^{Reviewed by Cursor Bugbot for commit 6baf7c5. Configure here.}