LinuxAudit

The following commands are used to extract information out of a Linux Operating System. While these commands should work with most variants of the LINUX this code has been verified to work with the Debian distribution. If you are running a different variant please inform contact with which variant and version so that the command line code can be verified with your particular version.

Bulk Execution (NEW as of 02/2026)

The AZAudit.sh bash script can be used to execute all of the necessary commands listed below to export system data that is necessary for our test work. If you are using an older version of Linux then this script may encounter issues, and the following commands in this README are to be used instead.

Linux - Version Check

The following queries may assist you in determining your Linux system general info.

 hostnamectl > sysinfo.txt
 uname -a > sysinfo.txt
 lsb_release -a > sysinfo.txt
 cat /etc/*-release > sysinfo.txt

Linux - Server Configuration File

The following query obtains a system-wide configuration file

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config  sshd.config.txt

Basic Information on the System

This command shows default information about all system and user accounts on the system as well as information about the user's last login to the system, and whether their password is locked or login by password disabled.

sudo lslogins -c --time-format iso -o USER,UID,GROUP,GID,PWD-CHANGE,PWD-METHOD,PWD-EMPTY,PWD-LOCK,PWD-DENY,PWD-MIN,PWD-MAX,PWD-WARN,PWD-EXPIR,LAST-LOGIN,SHELL >> LoginSetting.txt

Users

This command will find all accounts including network accounts.

 getent passwd > Accounts.txt

If you are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux use the following command.

 cp /etc/passwd accounts.txt

If you are running UNIX use the following command.

 cat /etc/passwd > accounts.txt

Groups

This is to determine if an account is assigned to another group.

getent group > Group.txt

If you are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux use the following command.

 cp /etc/group group.txt

If you are running UNIX use the following command.

 cat /etc/group > group.txt

Linux - PAM configuration file

Run the following query if PAM is required for authentication.

cp /etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac password-auth-ac.txt

Root Impersonation

This is to determine what groups/accounts can run commands as root.

sudo cat /etc/sudoers > Sudo.txt

Please check the contents of /etc/sudoers and send files referenced by an include directive ("#include" for a single file or "#includedir" for an entire directory). If the referenced file doesn't exist, provide evidence through executing ls -a

Password Settings

These 2 commands will show all accounts and the password settings that are being applied to them. Run both as each command outputs different components of the password settings.

Minimum and maximum password age:

sudo passwd --status --all > PasswordSetting.txt

Alternative Commands:

Run if the above command for minimum and maximum password age does not work.

sudo cat /etc/login.defs > PasswordSetting.txt

OR

sudo passwd -S -a > PasswordSetting.txt

If you are running Oracle Enterprise Linux Server use the following command. Note: You MUST run this command as root otherwise it will fail.

for u in `cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1 | sort`; do passwd -S $u >> PasswordSetting.txt; done

OR

for u in $(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1 | sort); do passwd -S $u >> PasswordSetting.txt; done

If you are running UNIX use the following command. Note: You MUST run this command in the /etc/ folder otherwise it will fail.

passwd -s -a > PasswordSetting.txt

Account Lockout Settings (NEW as of 02/2026)

These commands fetch configuration files for Linux services that enforce acocunt lockout after a series of invalid login attempts

cat /etc/security/faillock.conf > sysauth1.txt;

cat /etc/pam.d/system-auth > sysauth2.txt;

Password length and complexity:

sudo cat /etc/security/pwquality.conf > Pwquality.txt

NOTE: If the server does not have a pwquality.conf file, please provide a screenshot of the "find -name pwquality.conf" command showing the file does not exist on the server.

Valid Login Shells

This command is to determine what shells are valid to login to the system.

sudo cat /etc/shells > LoginShells.txt