Update doc on profiling config settings

[barosiak]

Move documentation from https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/main/docs/design/coreclr/profiling/Profiler%20Loading.md to https://github.com/dotnet/docs/blob/main/docs/core/runtime-config/debugging-profiling.md

Add description of changes introduced after merging dotnet/runtime#121646, issue: dotnet/runtime#117902

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"This should be also documented in https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/runtime-config/debugging-profiling . The source for the official documentation lives at https://github.com/dotnet/docs/blob/main/docs/core/runtime-config/debugging-profiling.md

It may be best to delete the redundant documentation here and merge this doc into the official docs."

Originally posted by @jkotas in dotnet/runtime#121646 (comment)