Support `ignore_malformed` for all non-string fields using synthetic source

[salvatore-campagna]

Description

Non-string fields need to support ignore_malformed when synthetic source is enabled. The idea is to store the field value "as-is" in its json representation and later use the the value reading it from a hidden stored field.

Here the strategy to adopt is similar to what we did for the ip type. We catch an exception happing when parsing the field value and if storing the malformed value is enabled we just use IgnoreMalformedStoredValues#storedField to store the value.

(Maybe we can do a nice refactoring before and avoid relying on catching the exception)

[elasticsearchmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-storage-engine (Team:StorageEngine)

[lkts]

Fields that need support:

• aggregate_metric_double Support synthetic source for aggregate_metric_double when ignore_malformed is used #108746 Simplify ignore_malformed handling for synthetic souce in aggregate_metric_double #109888
• scaled_float Support synthetic source for scaled_float and unsigned_long when ignore_malformed is used #109506
• unsigned_long Support synthetic source for scaled_float and unsigned_long when ignore_malformed is used #109506
• date, date_nanos Support synthetic source for date fields when ignore_malformed is used #109410
• geo_point Support synthetic source for geo_point when ignore_malformed is used #109651
• histogram Support synthetic source together with ignore_malformed in histogram fields #109882