Add test for phthreads + dylink + exceptions (#16314)

The remaining issue with exceptions and this combination of features
were fixed by https://reviews.llvm.org/D119630 and
https://reviews.llvm.org/D119666.

Fixes: #13398, #13447

Author: sbc100

src/preamble.js

@@ -219,31 +219,31 @@ function alignUp(x, multiple) {
 }
 
 var HEAP,
-/** @type {ArrayBuffer} */
+/** @type {!ArrayBuffer} */
   buffer,
-/** @type {Int8Array} */
+/** @type {!Int8Array} */
   HEAP8,
-/** @type {Uint8Array} */
+/** @type {!Uint8Array} */
   HEAPU8,
-/** @type {Int16Array} */
+/** @type {!Int16Array} */
   HEAP16,
-/** @type {Uint16Array} */
+/** @type {!Uint16Array} */
   HEAPU16,
-/** @type {Int32Array} */
+/** @type {!Int32Array} */
   HEAP32,
-/** @type {Uint32Array} */
+/** @type {!Uint32Array} */
   HEAPU32,
-/** @type {Float32Array} */
+/** @type {!Float32Array} */
   HEAPF32,
 #if WASM_BIGINT
 /* BigInt64Array type is not correctly defined in closure
-/** not-@type {BigInt64Array} */
+/** not-@type {!BigInt64Array} */
   HEAP64,
 /* BigUInt64Array type is not correctly defined in closure
-/** not-t@type {BigUint64Array} */
+/** not-t@type {!BigUint64Array} */
   HEAPU64,
 #endif
-/** @type {Float64Array} */
+/** @type {!Float64Array} */
   HEAPF64;
 
 #if SUPPORT_BIG_ENDIAN

tests/core/pthread/test_pthread_dylink_exceptions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int get_value();
+
+int main(void) {
+  try {
+    // throws 42
+    get_value();
+  } catch (int i) {
+    printf("except: %d\n", i);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}

tests/core/pthread/test_pthread_dylink_exceptions.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+except: 42

tests/core/pthread/test_pthread_dylink_exceptions_side.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int get_value() {
+  throw 42;
+  return 0;
+}

tests/test_core.py

@@ -8756,6 +8756,15 @@ def test_pthread_dylink_entry_point(self, args):
     main = test_file('core/pthread/test_pthread_dylink_entry_point.c')
     self.dylink_testf(main, need_reverse=False, emcc_args=args)
 
+  @needs_dylink
+  @node_pthreads
+  def test_pthread_dylink_exceptions(self):
+    self.emcc_args.append('-Wno-experimental')
+    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
+    self.set_setting('USE_PTHREADS')
+    self.emcc_args.append('-fexceptions')
+    self.dylink_testf(test_file('core/pthread/test_pthread_dylink_exceptions.cpp'))
+
   @needs_dylink
   @node_pthreads
   def test_pthread_dlopen(self):