V1 incentive overhaul: crown-time per direction

[LandynDev]

Summary

Replace the fee/speed/success reward model with a crown-time model per the locked plans/v1-incentive-overhaul.md spec.

• Each direction (tao→btc, btc→tao) has a fixed emission pool (4% each)
• At every block in a 12h window, the miner with the best rate holds the "crown"
• Reward = pool × (miner_crown_blocks / total_crown_blocks) × success_rate^3
• Remainder recycles to RECYCLE_UID
• Fees, speed tracking, and volume weighting are removed
• Reservation state is not used for eligibility (closes a rate-stealing griefing attack)

No miner UX break (alw miner post unchanged), no dashboard pipeline change, no smart-contract change.

What changed

• allways/validator/rate_state.py — new SQLite store for rate_events, collateral_events, swap_outcomes. Thread-safe, pattern cloned from pending_confirms.py. Prunes to 2 × SCORING_WINDOW_BLOCKS; swap_outcomes is all-time.
• allways/validator/forward.py — new _poll_commitments, _poll_collaterals, _refresh_min_collateral; new crown-time calculate_miner_rewards + _replay_crown_time + _crown_holders + _success_rate; removed _chain_weighted_speed and legacy reward math.
• allways/validator/swap_tracker.py — writes swap_outcomes on every terminal transition (resolve + both _poll_inner paths). Dropped window, prune_window, window_blocks.
• allways/classes.py — dropped MinerScoringStats (unused after crown-time replay).
• allways/constants.py — added DIRECTION_POOLS, SUCCESS_EXPONENT=3, RATE_UPDATE_MIN_INTERVAL_BLOCKS=75, COMMITMENT_POLL_INTERVAL_BLOCKS=15, COLLATERAL_POLL_INTERVAL_BLOCKS=15, MIN_COLLATERAL_REFRESH_INTERVAL_BLOCKS=1200, EVENT_RETENTION_BLOCKS. Removed DAILY_EMISSION_ALPHA and SCORING_SUCCESS_EXPONENT.
• Deleted allways/validator/recycle.py, allways/validator/utils/fees.py (scoring-path only, now orphaned).
• neurons/validator.py — instantiates RateStateStore, caches min_collateral (falls back to MIN_COLLATERAL_TAO on contract read failure), threads store into SwapTracker.
• README.md / .env.example — lite-node ops guide + SUBTENSOR_NETWORK hint for validators.

Data pipeline

local subtensor ──► _poll_commitments ──► rate_events
                     (every 15 blk)         │
                                            ▼
contract ─► _poll_collaterals ──────► collateral_events
            (every 15 blk)                  │
                                            ▼
SwapTracker.resolve ──────────────► swap_outcomes (all-time)
                                            │
                                            ▼
                                 calculate_miner_rewards
                                 (replay window, attribute
                                  crown blocks per direction)

Commit sequence (reviewable per layer)

1. 23610b4 RateStateStore SQLite foundation (additive, zero wiring)
2. 4238ee9 _poll_commitments wiring
3. 91fa353 _poll_collaterals wiring
4. 68e609e swap_outcomes persistence in SwapTracker
5. 998c16c crown-time replay replaces calculate_miner_rewards
6. e038821 remove legacy window / recycle.py / fees.py / MinerScoringStats
7. c1d8fd2 constants cleanup + lite node docs
8. fbe25fb fallback MIN_COLLATERAL_TAO when initial contract read fails
9. 8f78cfd set SQLite busy_timeout before WAL to fix dev-env concurrent init race
10. a90892a wire prune_events_older_than, fix _refresh_min_collateral hot-retry, advance rate cache on throttled rejects (self-review sweep)

Test plan

• 205 unit tests pass (ruff format --check && ruff check && pytest tests/)
• Focused E2E (suite 01 setup + 02 happy path + 18 V1 pipeline) — 36/36 pass on local dev env
• Validator's rate_state.db populated with rate + collateral + outcome rows end-to-end
• Validator produces differentiated weights on-chain (observed [65535, 630, 3875] in dev)
• Full E2E regression 01–17 still to run against this branch head
• Companion alw-utils PR entrius/alw-utils#31 — kept draft until this PR is green

Out of scope

• allways-db, das-allways, allways-ui untouched
• Smart contract unchanged
• Reference miner untouched
• Synapses / axon handlers untouched

Source plan lives at project-allways/plans/v1-incentive-overhaul.md.