feat: add typing, docs deploy workflow, and logger typing

[extinctCoder]

• Add precise type annotations to MQTT callbacks and station handler
  (mqtt_client.on_connect/on_disconnect and station_simulator
  __handle_control) to improve static checking and readability.
• Add typing imports in relevant modules (Any, LogRecord) and annotate
  logger setup/getter to return Logger and accept typed level.
• Create GitHub Actions workflow docs.yml to deploy MkDocs to gh-pages,
  enabling CI-triggered documentation deployment on push or manual
  dispatch.
• Enhance mkdocs.yml with project metadata (repo_url, author, site_url,
  theme fonts) and docs site configuration.
• Replace placeholder docs/README.md with a project-specific overview
  and key features for better project documentation.

These changes improve code quality through typing, and add automated
documentation deployment and more useful documentation metadata.