fix(node-core): Handle custom scope in log messages without parameters

[Lms24]

Fixes a bug reported in #18318 where

Sentry.logger.info('Test message', { key: 'value' }, { scope: customScope });

would not forward the customScope but instead drop the log all together.

[github-actions]

node-overhead report 🧳

Note: This is a synthetic benchmark with a minimal express app and does not necessarily reflect the real-world performance impact in an application.

Scenario	Requests/s	% of Baseline	Prev. Requests/s	Change %
GET Baseline	8,796	-	9,175	-4%
GET With Sentry	1,667	19%	1,794	-7%
GET With Sentry (error only)	5,971	68%	6,286	-5%
POST Baseline	1,180	-	1,216	-3%
POST With Sentry	579	49%	603	-4%
POST With Sentry (error only)	1,028	87%	1,076	-4%
MYSQL Baseline	3,262	-	3,398	-4%
MYSQL With Sentry	440	13%	501	-12%
MYSQL With Sentry (error only)	2,709	83%	2,753	-2%

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