feat(browser): Add support for streamed spans in cultureContextIntegration

[Lms24]

This PR adds span processing support for the cultureContextIntegration plus a few integration API additions to make span processing on an integration level easier:

• Integration::processSegmentSpan
• Integration::processSpan
• register a processSegmentSpan callback on cultureContextIntegration that adds the attributes. All attributes are already registered in sentry conventions: https://getsentry.github.io/sentry-conventions/attributes/culture/
• adds a span streaming-specific integration test in addition to the already existing error/event-based integration test

closes #20353
closes #20354

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[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	25.87 kB	+0.35%	+88 B 🔺
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	24.36 kB	+0.34%	+82 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	43.72 kB	+0.26%	+112 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing + Span Streaming)	45.42 kB	+0.23%	+104 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Profiling)	48.64 kB	+0.27%	+127 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	82.83 kB	+0.12%	+94 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	72.34 kB	+0.13%	+93 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	87.52 kB	+0.11%	+96 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	99.78 kB	+0.11%	+108 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	42.7 kB	+0.26%	+107 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	30.54 kB	+0.28%	+85 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	35.55 kB	+0.27%	+94 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Metrics)	27.16 kB	+0.34%	+90 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Logs)	27.29 kB	+0.33%	+89 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Metrics & Logs)	27.98 kB	+0.31%	+86 B 🔺
@sentry/react	27.62 kB	+0.33%	+90 B 🔺
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	45.97 kB	+0.18%	+81 B 🔺
@sentry/vue	30.7 kB	+0.28%	+85 B 🔺
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	45.54 kB	+0.19%	+86 B 🔺
@sentry/svelte	25.89 kB	+0.33%	+85 B 🔺
CDN Bundle	28.56 kB	+0.36%	+100 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	44.8 kB	+0.24%	+105 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Logs, Metrics)	29.93 kB	+0.33%	+96 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Logs, Metrics)	45.88 kB	+0.23%	+103 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Replay, Logs, Metrics)	68.83 kB	+0.14%	+94 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	81.74 kB	+0.11%	+88 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Logs, Metrics)	82.81 kB	+0.11%	+86 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	87.27 kB	+0.12%	+97 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, Logs, Metrics)	88.33 kB	+0.12%	+98 B 🔺
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	83.51 kB	+0.47%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	134.02 kB	+0.29%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	87.65 kB	+0.45%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	137.43 kB	+0.29%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Replay, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	211.02 kB	+0.19%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	251.25 kB	+0.16%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	254.65 kB	+0.16%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	264.17 kB	+0.15%	+384 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	267.55 kB	+0.15%	+384 B 🔺
@sentry/nextjs (client)	48.5 kB	+0.17%	+80 B 🔺
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	44.14 kB	+0.2%	+85 B 🔺
@sentry/node-core	57.97 kB	+0.07%	+39 B 🔺
@sentry/node	174.82 kB	+0.03%	+45 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without tracing	97.92 kB	+0.06%	+52 B 🔺
@sentry/aws-serverless	115.16 kB	+0.04%	+44 B 🔺

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