Change all dependencies to use ^ instead of ~

[robertbrignull]

Standardises all of our dependencies to use ^. Unless anyone knows of a reason not to do this.

Currently ^ is more common than ~ so this is the smaller change, but I would be perfectly happy to standardise on ~ instead.

Checklist

• CHANGELOG.md has been updated to incorporate all user visible changes made by this pull request.
• Issues have been created for any UI or other user-facing changes made by this pull request.
• [Maintainers only] If this pull request makes user-facing changes that require documentation changes, open a corresponding docs pull request in the github/codeql repo and add the ready-for-doc-review label there.