[3.x] Support AtlasTexture in radial modes of TextureProgress

[arkology]

Closes #34837 for 3.x
Same changes are made as in #66352

[kleonc]

Note that this (and #66352) adds support only for trivial case, AtlasTexture margins are ignored and nested AtlasTextures are not handled. Some examples:

(on the right Sprite2Ds, each rendered properly; on the left TextureProgresss with progress texture matching the sprite on the right)

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But it does make sense to merge this to make 3.x/master match. It can be improved in another PR.

[arkology]

I looked at what can be done, and here are my preliminary thoughts:

1. We have this phrase in docs: "AtlasTexture does not work properly if used inside of other AtlasTexture resources"
2. Nested AtlasTexture drawing works because draw_rect and draw_rect_region are recursively called
3. Not sure that drawing polygon correctly using nestest AtlasTexture could be done without changing much code and in elegant way. Taking into account (1) and (2), I think it could be left as it is now.
4. Not sure is it even possible to add margins support for polygon, need more time to think.
5. We have CPU_ and GPU_ 2d particles with the same limitations - margins and nesting are not supported.

Summing up, current implementation is OK and could (or could not) be improved in future (just newbie thoughts, maybe maintainers have a different opinion).
(I was afraid that my first PR is not correct, but looks like notes made by @kleonc is just implementation limitations and there's no need to reopen original issue and redo everything).

[akien-mga]

Thanks!