cmd/compile: out-of-bounds panic with uint32 conversion and modulus operation in Go 1.22.0 on arm64 [1.22 backport]

[gopherbot]

@randall77 requested issue #66066 to be considered for backport to the next 1.22 minor release.

@gopherbot please open a backport issue for 1.22.

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/573375 mentions this issue: cmd/compile: fix sign/zero-extension removal

[randall77]

Backport rationale: this bug causes a silent miscompilation of certain casts from smaller to larger integer types.

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/573395 mentions this issue: cmd/compile: don't assume args are always zero-extended

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/573395 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.22] cmd/compile: don't assume args are always zero-extended

[thanm]

Approved; serious problem with no workaround.