fix(helm): ensure global.extraEnv and global.extraEnvFrom applied to all resources consistently

[siegenthalerroger]

What this PR does / why we need it:

The global.extraEnv and global.extraEnvFrom values introduced in chart 6.27.0 where not included for all declared resources and in some cases weren't applied correctly.

Similar PRs:

• fix backend envFrom typo #16526
• fix: Loki Helm chart statefulset-backend.yaml extraEnvFrom #16708
• fix(helm): Correct typo in reference to global values. #17472
• fix(helm): fix global extra* values #17020

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #16380
Fixes #16565
Fixes #16683
Fixes #16713
Fixes #16713
Fixes #17284

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[reonokiy]

main...reonokiy:loki:main#diff-2cd62eebae

There are some other areas in the read module that need fixing (I'm mainly referencing the statefulset-read.yaml file). You can see the diff I posted above.

[siegenthalerroger]

Tagging @bentonam and @poyzannur for review as original authors of the global extraEnv changes.

[bentonam]

@siegenthalerroger thank you for catching this and submitting the changes! The changes LGTM, I do not have the ability to merge, I will defer to @poyzannur for final approval and merging of the changes. If you could resolve the merge conflict for production/helm/loki/CHANGELOG.md that would be appreciated

[poyzannur]

@siegenthalerroger could you please address failing CI tests
Pull Request labeler should've been fixed by rebasing main, please try again. If not we can ignore it for the purposes of this PR