This is a curated list of resources related to embedded and low-level programming in the Rust programming language, including a selection of useful crates.
This project is developed and maintained by the Resources team.
Don't see something you want or need here? Add it to the Not Yet Awesome Embedded Rust list!
- Embedded Rust
- Table of contents
- Community
- Books, blogs, and training materials
- Tools
- Real-time
- Peripheral Access Crates
- HAL implementation crates
- Architecture support crates
- Board support crates
- Component abstraction crates
- Driver crates
- no-std crates
- Firmware projects
- Old books, blogs and training materials
- License
- Code of Conduct
In 2018, the Rust community created an embedded working group to help drive adoption in the Rust ecosystem.
- Embedded WG, including newsletters with progress updates.
- You can usually find community members (including embedded WG members) in the official
#rust-embedded:matrix.orgMatrix room. - #rust-embedded-space:matrix.org Most Embedded Rust related Matrix rooms are in the Rust Embedded Space
- embedded.rs-wasm-iot - English Telegram chat about Rust and WASM for microcontrollers and IoT
- embedded.rs - Telegram chat about Rust for microcontrollers in the Russian language.
- #avr-rust:gitter.im - For discussion of using Embedded Rust on AVR devices
- #esp-rs:matrix.org - For discussion of using Embedded Rust on Espressif devices
- #nrf-rs:matrix.org - For discussion of using Embedded Rust on Nordic Semiconductor devices
- #probe-rs:matrix.org - For discussion of the Probe-rs debugging toolkit
- #rp-rs:matrix.org - For discussion of using Embedded Rust on RP2040 based devices
- #rtic-rs:matrix.org - For discussion of the Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency framework
- #rust-embedded-graphics:matrix.org - For discussion of the
embedded-graphicscrate and ecosystem - #stm32-rs:matrix.org - For discussion of using Embedded Rust on STM32 based devices
- #atsamd-rs:gitter.im - For discussions of using Embedded Rust on ATSAMD devices
- #ethercrab:matrix.org - For discussion of general EtherCAT and the Rust implementation, EtherCrab
- rust-embedded:QQ group - Chinese community for Rust embedded
- The Embedded Rust Book - An introductory book about using the Rust Programming Language on "Bare Metal" embedded systems, such as Microcontrollers.
- The Rust on ESP Book - This book aims to provide a comprehensive guide on using the Rust programming language with Espressif SoCs and modules.
- Discovery by @rust-embedded — this book is an introductory course on microcontroller-based embedded systems that uses Rust as the teaching language. Original author: @japaric
- Cortex-M Quickstart by @japaric – a template and introduction to embedded Rust, suitable for developers familiar with embedded development but new to embedded Rust.
- Writing an OS in Rust A blog series creating a small operating system in Rust
- MicroRust Introductory book for embedded development in Rust on the micro:bit.
- Physical Computing With Rust A (WIP) guide to physical computing with Rust on the Raspberry Pi.
- Writing an embedded OS in Rust on the Raspberry Pi A set of tutorials that give a guided, step-by-step tour of how to write a monolithic Operating System kernel for an embedded system from scratch. Runs on the Raspberry Pi 3 and the Raspberry Pi 4.
- Writing embedded drivers in Rust isn't that hard A guide to building an embedded-hal driver. Part 2
- Ferrous Systems' Embedded Training Courses: 2020-current edition A hands-on training course for beginner and advanced learners of Embedded Rust, based on Nordic Semiconductor's nRF52840 hardware. This training was given at Oxidize Conferences and by Ferrous Systems to corporate customers.
- Ferrous Systems' Knurling Sessions are hands-on embedded projects that explore specific concepts using generally available hardware, building full systems and components using microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators.
- Ferrous Systems' Embedded Rust on Espressif - Training Material for learning to use Embedded Rust with the Espressif ESP32-C3.
- DSP on STM32F407G-DISC1 Unofficial oxidization of the Digital Signal Processing using Arm Cortex-M based Microcontrollers: Theory and Practice book. The book isn't necessary to enjoy the examples and learn a functional DSP Rust coding style.
- Building a sailing starter board with Rust (RTIC) A step-by-step story/guide to build STM32-based PCB and program it with Rust for fun and games.
- STM32F4xx with Embedded Rust at the HAL A blog containing a series of tutorials demonstrating the use of several peripherals through simple examples leveraging the stm32f4xx-hal crate.
- Embedded Rust programming playlist Various livestreams with Embedded Rust live coding
- ESP32-C3 Rust Tutorials Short videos and Github project implementing various peripherals of the ESP32-C3 with the end goal of creating a complete data logger application.
- Tweede golf's workshop - A full workshop about Rust and embedded Rust. The embedded parts use the nRF52840-DK and a LIS3DH breakout board. (github source)
- xargo Rust package manager with support for non-default std libraries — build Rust runtime for your embedded system.
- xargo is great, but since it's in maintenance mode, cargo-xbuild is catching up as its intended replacement.
- svd2rust Generate Rust structs with register mappings from SVD files.
- edc2svd Generate SVD files for PIC32 devices from EDC files. -
- embedded-hal-mock Mock implementation of
embedded-haltraits for testing without accessing real hardware. - - bindgen Automatically generates Rust FFI bindings to C and C++ libraries. -
- cortex-m semihosting Semihosting for ARM Cortex-M processors
- bobbin-cli A Rust command line tool to simplify embedded development and deployment.
- ferros A Rust-based userland which also adds compile-time assurances to seL4 development.
- cargo-flash A small cargo subcommand to download your binary to your target chip. -
- cargo-embed A superset of cargo-flash with additional useful features like configuration file support, an RTT terminal, or a GDB server. -
- cargo-hf2 A small cargo subcommand to download cargo builds to Microsoft UF2 bootloaders via HID USB . -
- cargo-bloat Find out what takes most of the space in your executable.
- cargo-call-stack Static, whole program stack usage analyzer.
- cargo-dfu Cargo extension for flashing embedded rust programs via DFU.
- espflash Serial flasher utility for Espressif SoCs and modules. -
- espup Tool for installing and maintaining Espressif Rust ecosystem. -
- uf2 Converts binary files to Microsoft's UF2 format for copying over to mass storage device uf2 bootloaders -
- Knurling Tools are developed by Ferrous Systems to ease the development process for building, debugging, and testing embedded Rust systems. These tools include:
- Probe Run: a cargo runner to flash and run embedded applications just like you would native applications, including backtraces and panicking behavior
- defmt: a highly efficient logging framework that targets resource-constrained devices, like microcontrollers.
- flip-link, a linker wrapper that provides stack overflow protection without an MMU by flipping the standard memory layout of ARM Cortex-M programs
- app-template, a
cargo-generatepowered project template for quickly setting up new projects using the Knurling Tools. - defmt-test, an embedded test harness that lets you write and run unit tests as if you were using the built-in
#[test]attribute, but will run on an embedded target
- embedded-hal-compat, a compatibility layer to provide interoperability between
v0.2.xandv1.x.xhal implementations and drivers - Embassy start is a GitHub repo template for setting up async embedded Rust projects that use Embassy. This particular template targets nRF hardware and networking using the Uarte for the purposes of illustration only.
- svd-generator CLI tool to parse flattened device tree files, and create a SVD file. -
- Drone OS An Embedded Operating System for writing real-time applications in Rust.
- FreeRTOS.rs Rust interface for the FreeRTOS API
- FreeRTOS-rust Rust interface for FreeRTOS with Rust entry point and build support crate.
- RIOT-OS directly supports applications written in Rust, both in terms of build system integration and by having safe and idiomatic wrappers.
- Tock An embedded operating system designed for running multiple concurrent, mutually distrustful applications on low-memory and low-power microcontrollers
- Hubris A real-time operating system built by Oxide Computer to run the Service Controller processor in the mainboards of their rack-mount servers.
- RTIC v1.0 Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency — A concurrency framework for building real-time systems:
- cortex-m rtic RTIC framework for ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers
- msp430 rtfm RTFM framework for MSP430 MCUs
Register definition for microcontroller families. Usually generated using svd2rust. -
Peripheral Access Crates were also called Device Crates.
NOTE You may be able to find even more peripheral access crates by searching for the
svd2rust keyword on crates.io!
atsamd11Peripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAMD11 microcontrollers. This git repo hosts both the peripheral access crate and the hal.atsamd21Peripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAMD21 microcontrollers. This git repo hosts both the peripheral access crate and the hal.atsamd51Peripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAMD51 microcontrollers. This git repo hosts both the peripheral access crate and the hal.atsame53Peripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAME53 microcontrollers. This git repo hosts both the peripheral access crate and the hal.atsame54Peripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAME54 microcontrollers. This git repo hosts both the peripheral access crate and the hal.atsamx7x-rustPeripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAM S70/E70/V70/V71 microcontrollers. This git repo hosts both the peripheral access crate and the hal.avr-devicePeripheral access API for Microchip (formerly Atmel) AVR microcontroller family.sam3x8ePeripheral access API for Atmel SAMD3X8E microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -pic32-pacPeripheral access API for PIC32MX1/2xx -
nrf51Peripheral access API for nRF51 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -nrf52810-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF52810 microcontroller (generated using svd2rust) -nrf52811-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF52811 microcontroller (generated using svd2rust) -nrf52832-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF52832 microcontroller (generated using svd2rust) -nrf52833-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF52833 microcontroller (generated using svd2rust) -nrf52840-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF52840 microcontroller (generated using svd2rust) -nrf5340-app-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF5340 application core (generated using svd2rust) -nrf5340-net-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF5340 network core (generated using svd2rust) -nrf9160-pac- Peripheral access API for the nRF9160 system-in-package (generated using svd2rust) -
k64-lpc11uxx-lpc55s6x-pac-lpc82x-pac-lpc845-pac-mkw41z-imxrt-ralRegister access layer for i.MX RT series. -SKEAZN642Peripheral access API for KEA64 family microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -
rp2040-pac- Peripheral access API for the RP2040 dual-core system-on-chip (generated using svd2rust) -
e310x- svd2rust generated interface to SiFive Freedom E310 MCUs -
efm32pg12-pac- Peripheral access API for Silicon Labs EFM32PG12 microcontrollers -
The efm32-rs project has peripheral access APIs for most EFM32 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust):
efm32g-pac-efm32gg-pac-efm32gg11b-pac-efm32gg12b-pac-efm32hg-pac-efm32jg1b-pac-efm32jg12b-pac-efm32lg-pac-efm32pg-pac-efm32pg22-pac-efm32pg23-pac-efm32tg-pac-efm32tg11b-pac-efm32wg-pac-efm32zg-pac-
The stm32-rs project has peripheral access APIs for most STM32 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust):
stm32f0-stm32f1-stm32f2-stm32f3-stm32f4-stm32f7-stm32g0-stm32g4-stm32h7-stm32l0-stm32l1-stm32l4-
tm4c123xPeripheral access API for TM4C123x microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)tm4c129xPeripheral access API for TM4C129x microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)
msp430g2553Peripheral access API for MSP430G2553 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)- msp430 quickstart some examples for msp430
msp430fr2355Peripheral access API for MSP430FR2355 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)msp430fr6972-
ambiq-apollo1-pacPeripheral access API for Ambiq Apollo 1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)ambiq-apollo2-pacPeripheral access API for Ambiq Apollo 2 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)ambiq-apollo3-pacPeripheral access API for Ambiq Apollo 3 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)ambiq-apollo3p-pacPeripheral access API for Ambiq Apollo 3 Plus microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust)
gd32vf103-pacPeripheral access API for GD32VF103 RISC-V microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -gd32e2Peripheral access API for GD32E23x Cortex-M23 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -gd32f1Peripheral access API for GD32F1x0 Cortex-M3 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -gd32f2Peripheral access API for GD32F20x Cortex-M3 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -
Peripheral access crates for the different XMC4xxx families of microcontrollers
w7500x-pacPeripheral Access Crate for Wiznet's W7500x microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -
ra2a1Peripheral Access Crate for ra2a1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra2e1Peripheral Access Crate for ra2e1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra2e2Peripheral Access Crate for ra2e2 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra2l1Peripheral Access Crate for ra2l1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra4e1Peripheral Access Crate for ra4e1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra4m1Peripheral Access Crate for ra4m1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra4m2Peripheral Access Crate for ra4m2 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra4m3Peripheral Access Crate for ra4m3 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra4w1Peripheral Access Crate for ra4w1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6e1Peripheral Access Crate for ra6e1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6m1Peripheral Access Crate for ra6m1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6m2Peripheral Access Crate for ra6m2 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6m3Peripheral Access Crate for ra6m3 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6m4Peripheral Access Crate for ra6m4 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6t1Peripheral Access Crate for ra6t1 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -ra6t2Peripheral Access Crate for ra6t2 microcontrollers (generated using svd2rust) -da14531Peripheral Access Crate for DA14531 Ultra-Low Power BT 5.1 System-on-Chip -
Implementations of embedded-hal for microcontroller families and systems running some OS. -
NOTE You may be able to find even more HAL implementation crates by searching for the
embedded-hal-impl and embedded-hal keywords on crates.io!
bitbang-halsoftware protocol implementations for microcontrollers with digital::OutputPin and digital::InputPinftdi-embedded-halfor FTDI FTx232H chips connected to Linux systems via USBlinux-embedded-halfor embedded Linux systems like the Raspberry Pi. -freebsd-embedded-halfor embedded (or not) FreeBSD systems. -
atsam4-hal- HAL for SAM4E, SAM4N and SAM4S -atsamd-hal- HAL for SAMD11, SAMD21, SAMD51 and SAME54 -atsamx7x-hal- HAL for SAM S70/E70/V70/V71-based devices -avr-hal- HAL for AVR microcontroller family and AVR-based boardspic32-hal- HAL for PIC32MX -
nrf51-hal-nrf52810-hal-nrf52811-hal-nrf52832-hal-nrf52833-hal-nrf52840-hal-nrf9160-hal-
Also check the list of NXP board support crates!
lpc55s6x-hal-lpc8xx-hal- HAL for lpc82x and lpc845 -mkw41z-hal-imxrt-hal- HAL for i.MX RT series. -
rp2040-hal- HAL for the RP2040 dual-core system-on-chip -
e310x-hal- HAL for SiFive Freedom E310 MCUs -
Also check the list of STMicroelectronics board support crates!
stm32f0xx-hal-- Has examples that can run on boards like the Nucleo-F042K6 and similar boards
stm32f1xx-hal-- Can be run on boards like the Blue pill, Nucleo-F103RB, and similar boards
stm32f3xx-hal-stm32f4xx-hal-- Generic HAL implementation for all MCUs of the stm32f4 series
stm32f7xx-hal-- Generic HAL implementation for all MCUs of the stm32f7 series
stm32g0xx-hal-stm32h7xx-hal-- HAL implementation for the STMicro STM32H7xx family of microcontrollers
stm32l0xx-hal-- HAL implementation for the the STMicro STM32L0xx family of microcontrollers
stm32l1xx-hal-stm32l151-hal-stm32l4xx-hal-- Generic hal support for stm32l4 devices, has examples that can run on boards like the Nucleo-L432KC, Solo, and similar boards
stm32-hal-- HAL implementation for STM32 devices across multiple families, with a focus on newer ones like L4, L5, and H7.
msp430fr2x5x-hal- HAL implementation for the MSP430FR2x5x family of microcontrollers
esp-idf-hal- An embedded-hal implementation for Rust on ESP32 microcontrollers and ESP-IDF
esp-hal- A
no_stdHardware Abstraction Layers for ESP32 microcontrollers
- A
tomu-hal- HAL implementation targeted for Tomu USB board with EFM32HG309F64 ARMv6-M core. Has support to configure tomu bootloader directly from an application via the
toboot_configmacro.
- HAL implementation targeted for Tomu USB board with EFM32HG309F64 ARMv6-M core. Has support to configure tomu bootloader directly from an application via the
xmc1100-hal-xmc4-hal-
gd32vf103xx-hal-- HAL for GD32VF103xx microcontrollers
gd32vf103-hal-- (WIP) Hardware abstract layer (HAL) for the GD32VF103 RISC-V microcontroller
gd32f1x0-hal-- HAL implementation for GD32F1x0 microcontrollers
da14531-halHAL crate for DA14531 Ultra-Low Power BT 5.1 System-on-Chip -
Crates tailored for general CPU architectures.
cortex-aLow-level access to Cortex-A processors (early state) -cortex-mLow-level access to Cortex-M processors -
riscvLow-level access to RISC-V processors -
Crates tailored for specific boards.
metro_m0- Board support for the Metro M0 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 1 support board.metro_m4- Board support for the Metro M4 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 1 support board.pyportal- Board support for the PyPortal board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.pygamer- Board support for the PyGamer board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 1 support board.trellis_m4- Board support for the NeoTrellis M4 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.feather-f405- Board support for the Feather STM32F405 Express.feather_m0- Board support for the Feather M0 board, and some variants in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 1 support board.feather_m4- Board support for the Feather M4 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 1 support board.circuit_playground_express- Board support for the Circuit Playground Express board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.edgebadge- Board support for the EdgeBadge board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.gemma_m0- Board support for the Gemma M0 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.itsybitsy_m0- Board support for the ItsyBitsy M0 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.itsybitsy_m4- Board support for the ItsyBitsy M4 Express board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.trinket_m0- Board support for the Trinket M0 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.neo_trinkey- Board support for the neo trinkey board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.neokey_trinkey- Board support for the neokey trinkey board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.grand_central_m4- Board support for the grand central m4 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.qt_py_m0- Board support for the QT Py board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.adafruit-feather-rp2040- Board Support Crate for the Adafruit Feather RP2040adafruit-itsy-bitsy-rp2040- Board Support Crate for the Adafruit ItsyBitsy RP2040adafruit-kb2040- Board Support Crate for the Adafruit KB2040adafruit-macropad- Board Support Crate for the Adafruit Macropadadafruit-qt-py-rp2040- Board Support Crate for the Adafruit QT Py RP2040
avr-hal- Board support crate for several AVR-based boards including the Arduino Uno and the Arduino Leonardoarduino_mkr1000- Board support for the MKR 1000 WiFi board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.arduino_mkrvidor4000- Board support for the MKR Vidor board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.arduino_mkrzero- Board support for the mkrzero board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.arduino_nano33iot- Board support for the Arduino Nano 33 IoT in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.
dwm1001- Decawave DWM1001-DEV -microbit- micro:bit -nrf52840-dk-bsp- nrf52840-dk -Thingy:91-nrf9160- thingy:91 -
frdm-kw41z- FRDM-KW41Z -
pimoroni-pico-explorer- Board Support for the Pimoroni Pico Explorerpimoroni-pico-lipo-16mb- Board Support for the Pimoroni Pico Lipo 16MB
rp-pico- Board Support Crate for the RP2040-based Raspberry Pi Pico.
samd21_mini- Board support for the SAMD21 Mini Breakout in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.sparkfun-pro-micro-rp2040- Board Support Crate for the RP2040 based Sparkfun Pro Micro.
seedstudio-gd32v- Board support crate for the GD32 RISC-V Dev Board- Contains runnable examples for this board
xiao_m0- Board support for the Seeed Studio Seeeduino XIAO in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.wio_lite_mg126- Board support for the Seeed Studio wio_lite_mg126 in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.wio_lite_w600- Board support for the Seeed Studio wio_lite_w600 in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.wio_terminal- Board support for the Seeed Studio wio_terminal in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 1 support board
longan-nano- Board support package for the Longan Nano board- Contains runnable examples for this board
prussia- SDK for the PlayStation 2.
f3Board Support Crate for the STM32F3DISCOVERY -nucleo-f042k6- Nucleo-F042K6nucleo-f103rb- Nucleo-F103RBnucleo-f401re- Nucleo-F401REnucleo-h743ziBeginner-oriented support crate for the Nucleo H743ZI and Nucleo H743ZI2nucleo-h723zgBoard support crate for the Nucleo H723ZGsolo-bspBoard Support Crate for Solo, an open source security token (WIP) -stm32f407g-discBoard Support Crate for the STM32F4DISCOVERY (WIP) -stm32f429i-discBoard Support Crate for the STM32F429DISCOVERY (WIP) -stm32f3-discoveryBoard Support Crate for the STM32F3DISCOVERY used in Rust Embedded Discovery book -
teensy4-rsBoard Support crate for the [Teensy 4.0]
monotron- A 1980s home-computer style application for the Texas Instruments Stellaris Launchpad. PS/2 keyboard input, text output on a bit-bashed 800x600 VGA signal. Uses menu, vga-framebuffer and pc-keyboard.stellaris-launchpad- For the Texas Instruments Stellaris Launchpad and Tiva-C Launchpadtm4c129-launchpad- For the Texas Instruments TM4C129-XL Launchpad board
betafpv-f3- For the BetaFPV F3 drone flight controller
sodaq_one- Board support for the Sodaq one board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.sodaq_sara_aff- Board support for the Sodaq sara aff board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.
serpente- Board support for the serpente board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.p1am_100- Board support for the p1am_100 board in the atsamd-rs repo. It is an atsamd-rs tier 2 support board.
The following crates provide HAL-like abstractions for subcomponents of embedded
devices that go beyond what is available in embedded-hal:
accelerometer- Generic accelerometer support, including traits and types for taking readings from 2 or 3-axis accelerometers and tracking device orientations -embedded-graphics: 2D drawing library for any size display -radio- Generic radio transceiver traits, mocks, and helpers -smart-leds: Support for addressable LEDs including WS2812 and APA102usb-device: Abstraction layer between USB peripheral crates & USB class crates -atat: Abstraction crate to ease writing AT based driver crates -embedded-nal: An Embedded Network Abstraction Layer -embedded-storage: An Embedded Storage Abstraction Layerswitch-hal: An "on"/"off" abstraction for input and output switches -
Platform agnostic crates to interface external components. These crates use the embedded-hal
interface to support all the devices and systems that implement the embedded-hal
traits.
The list below contains drivers that have achieved the "released" status. To add a driver to this list, please ensure that your driver has a short blog post, article, or sufficiently explanatory README showing an example of its use. Ideally, this post would demonstrate using the device in a small project so that a Rust and/or embedded newcomer can also understand it. Otherwise, please add it to the WIP section below.
- AD983x - SPI - AD9833/AD9837 waveform generators / DDS - Intro blog post -
- adafruit-alphanum4 - I2C - Driver for Adafruit 14-segment LED Alphanumeric Backpack based on the ht16k33 chip -
- ADE791x - SPI - ADE7912/ADE7913 3-Channel, Isolated, Sigma-Delta ADC - github -
- ADS1x1x - I2C - 12/16-bit ADCs like ADS1013, ADS1015, ADS1115, etc. - Intro blog post -
- ADXL313 - SPI - 3-axis accelerometer -
- ADXL343 - I2C - 3-axis accelerometer -
- ADXL355 - SPI - 3-axis accelerometer - Intro blog post -
- AFE4404 - I2C - Pulse oximeter -
- AHT20 - I2C - Humidity and temperature sensor - github -
- AHT20-driver - I2C - Humidity and temperature sensor - Intro blog post - github -
- AnyLeaf - I2C - pH sensor module - github -
- AT86RF212 - SPI - Low power IEEE 802.15.4-2011 ISM RF Transceiver - Intro blog post -
- BlueNRG - SPI - driver for BlueNRG-MS Bluetooth module - Intro post
- BMA400 - I2C/SPI - Bosch 12-bit 3-axis accelerometer - github
- BNO055 - I2C - Bosch Sensortec BNO055 9-axis IMU driver - Intro post
- CD74HC4067 - GPIO - 16-channel digital and analog multiplexer - Intro blog post - github -
- dht-sensor - 1-Wire - DHT11/DHT22 temperature/humidity sensor driver - github -
- DRV8825 - DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver (based on Stepper) - Intro blog post -
- DS1307 - I2C - Real-time clock driver - Intro blog post -
- ebyte-e32 - SERIAL - Ebyte E32 LoRa module driver - Intro blog post -
- EEPROM24x - I2C - 24x series serial EEPROM driver - Intro blog post -
- embedded-ccs811 - I2C - Gas and VOC sensor driver for monitoring indoor air quality - Intro blog post -
- embedded-sdmmc - SPI - SD/MMC Card Driver with MS-DOS Partition and FAT16/FAT32 support - Intro post
- ENC28J60 - SPI - Ethernet controller - Intro blog post -
- FUSB302B - I2C - Programmable USB Type‐C Controller with USB Power Delivery - github
- HC-12 - SERIAL - Wireless serial transceiver module - Intro blog post - github -
- HTS221 - I2C - Humidity and temperature sensor - Intro blog post -
- IIS2MDC - I2C - ST's High accuracy, ultra-low-power, 3-axis digital output magnetometer -
- ISM330DHCX - I2C - ST's IMU with 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope, ML core and more -
- keypad - GPIO - Keypad matrix circuits - Intro post -
- KXCJ9 - I2C - KXCJ9/KXCJB 3-axis accelerometers - Intro blog post -
- L3GD20 - SPI - Gyroscope - Intro blog post -
- LSM303DLHC - I2C - Accelerometer + compass (magnetometer) - Intro blog post -
- MAX6675 - SPI - A driver for the MAX6675 digital thermocouple converter - Intro blog post -
- MAX6955 - I2C - Driver for Alphanumeric LED display driver - Intro blog post -
- MAX116xx-10bit - SPI - Driver for the MAX11619-MAX11621, MAX11624 and MAX11625 10-bit ADCs - Intro blog post -
- MCP25LCXX - SPI - Driver for Microchip's 25LC series of EEPROMs -
- MCP3008 - SPI - 8 channel 10-bit ADC - Intro blog post -
- MCP3425 - I2C - 16-bit ADC - Intro blog post -
- MCP794xx - I2C - Real-time clock / calendar driver - Intro blog post -
- MMA7660FC - I2C - 3-axis accelerometer - Intro blog post
- OPT300x - I2C - Ambient light sensor family driver - Intro blog post -
- PAC194X - I2C - Single/multi channel power monitor - Intro blog post -
- port-expander - I2C - Driver for I2C port expanders (supports
PCA95xx,PCF85xx) - Intro blog post - - pwm-pca9685 - I2C - 16-channel, 12-bit PWM/Servo/LED controller - Intro blog post -
- rainbow-hat-rs - I2C/SPI/GPIO - Pimoroni Rainbow HAT driver for Raspberry Pi - github -
- rotary-encoder-hal - GPIO - A rotary encoder driver using
embedded-hal- Intro blog post - - sega-controller - GPIO - Sega controller input - github -
- SGP30 - I2C - Gas sensor - Intro blog post -
- SH1106 - I2C - Monochrome OLED display controller - Intro post
- shared-bus - I2C - utility driver for sharing a bus between multiple devices - Intro post
- shift-register-driver - GPIO - Shift register - Intro blog post -
- Si4703 - I2C - FM radio turner (receiver) driver - Intro blog post -
- SRAM23x - SPI - Microchip 23x series serial SRAM/NVSRAM driver - Intro blog post -
- SSD1306 - I2C/SPI - OLED display controller - Intro blog post -
- SSD1309 - I2C/SPI - OLED display controller - Intro blog post -
- STSPIN220 - STSPIN220 Stepper Motor Driver (based on Stepper) - Intro blog post -
- Sx127x - SPI - Long Range Low Power Sub GHz (Gfsk, LoRa) RF Transceiver - Intro blog post -
- Sx128x - SPI - Long range, low power 2.4 GHz (Gfsk, Flrc, LoRa) RF Transceiver - Intro blog post -
- TC72 - SPI - Microchip TC72 temperature sensor -
- TCN75A - I2C - Microchip TCN75A temperature sensor -
- TMP006 - I2C - Contact-less infrared (IR) thermopile temperature sensor driver - Intro post
- TMP1x2 - I2C - TMP102 and TMP112x temperature sensor driver - Intro blog post
- TSIC - GPIO - TSIC 306 temperature sensor driver - Intro blog post
- TSL256X - I2C - Light Intensity Sensor - Intro blog post -
- VEML6030/VEML7700 - I2C - Ambient light sensors - Intro blog post -
- VEML6075 - I2C - UVA and UVB light sensor - Intro blog post -
- usbd-serial - USB CDC-ACM class (serial) implementation - github -
- usbd-hid - USB HID class implementation - github -
- usbd-hid-device - USB HID class implementation without
unsafe- github - - usbd-human-interface-device - Batteries included embedded USB HID library for
usb-device. Includes concrete Keyboard (boot and NKRO), Mouse and Consumer Control implementations as well as support for building your own HID classes - github - - usbd-midi - USB MIDI class implementation - github -
- usbd-webusb - USB webUSB class implementation - github -
- SHTCx - I2C - Temperature / humidity sensors - github -
- ST7789 - SPI - An embedded-graphics compatible driver for the popular lcd family from Sitronix used in the PineTime watch - github -
- DW1000 - SPI - Radio transceiver (IEEE 802.15.4 and position tracking) - Article -
- Adafruit-7segment - I2C - Driver for Adafruit 7-segment LED Numeric Backpack based on the ht16k33 chip - github -
- ST7565 - SPI - An embedded-graphics compatible driver for LCD displays based on the ST7565 chip - github -
- tb6612fng - A
no_stddriver for the TB6612FNG motor driver - - vl53l1x-uld - I2C - A pure-rust driver for the ST VL53L1X -
- i2c-multiplexer - I2C - An I2C Multiplexer library that supports the PCA9546 and TCA9546A chips - github -
- SHT31-rs - I2C - Fully supported SHT temperature / humidity sensors - github -
NOTE You may be able to find even more driver crates by searching for the embedded-hal-driver
keyword on crates.io!
Work in progress drivers. Help the authors make these crates awesome!
- AD9850 - Embedded driver for the AD9850 DDS synthesizer chip -
- AFE4400 - SPI - Pulse oximeter
- APDS9960 - I2C - Proximity, ambient light, RGB, and gesture sensor -
- AS5048A - SPI - AMS AS5048A Magnetic Rotary Encoder
- AXP209 - I2C - Power management unit
- ad57xx - SPI - Quad and dual channel DAC -
- BH1750 - I2C - ambient light sensor (lux meter)
- BME280 - A rust device driver for the Bosch BME280 temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure sensor and the Bosch BMP280 temperature and atmospheric pressure sensor.
- bme680 - I2C - Temperature / humidity / gas / pressure sensor -
- BMI160 - I2C / SPI - Inertial Measurement Unit -
- BMP280 - A platform agnostic driver to interface with the BMP280 pressure sensor
- CC1101 - SPI - Sub-1GHz RF Transceiver -
- DS3231 - I2C - real-time clock
- DS3234 - SPI - Real-time clock
- DS323x - I2C/SPI - Real-time clocks (RTC): DS3231, DS3232 and DS3234 -
- epd-waveshare - SPI - driver for E-Paper Modules from Waveshare
- embedded-morse - Output morse messages -
- embedded-nrf24l01 - SPI+GPIO - 2.4 GHz radio
- Ft6x36 - I2C - Rust driver for focal tech touch screen FT6236, FT6336 -
- grove-matrix-led-my9221-rs - I2C - Rust driver for Grove RGB Matrix Led with my-9221 Driver -
- GridEYE - I2C - Rust driver for Grid-EYE / Panasonic AMG88(33) -
- HC-SR04 - DIO - Ultrasound sensor
- HD44780-driver - GPIO - LCD controller -
- HD44780 - Parallel port - LCD controller
- HM11 - USART - HM-11 bluetooth module AT configuration crate -
- HRS3300 - I2C - Heart rate sensor / monitor used in the PineTime smartwatch, for example. -
- HDC20xx - I2C - Temperature and humidity sensor compatible with HDC2080, HDC2021 and HDC2010. -
- hub75 - A driver for rgb led matrices with the hub75 interface -
- hzgrow-r502 - UART capacitive fingerprint reader -
- iAQ-Core - I2C - iAQ-Core-C/iAQ-Core-P Gas and VOC sensor driver for monitoring indoor air quality.
- ILI9341 - SPI - TFT LCD display
- INA260 - I2C - power monitor -
- ISL29125 - I2C - RGB Color Light Sensor with IR Blocking Filter -
- IST7920 - SPI monochrome LCD display -
- LM75 - I2C - Temperature sensor and thermal watchdog (also compatible with LM75A, LM75B, LM75C, AT30TS75A, DS1775, DS75, DS7505, G751, MAX7500/1/2/3/4, MAX6625, MCP9800/1/2/3, STDS75, TCN75, PCT2075) -
- lp586x - I2C/SPI - LED matrix driver
- LS010B7DH01 - SPI - Memory LCD
- LSM303C - A platform agnostic driver to interface with the LSM303C (accelerometer + compass)
- LSM9DS1 - I2C/SPI - 9-axis motion sensor module
- ltr-559 - I2C - Ambient Light Sensor and Proximity sensor
- lvgl - no_std LittleVGL port -
- M95320 - SPI - STMicroelectronics Serial flash EEPROM -
- MAG3110 - I2C - Magnetometer
- MAX17048/9 - I2C - LiPo Fuel gauge, battery monitoring IC -
- MAX170xx - I2C - LiPo Fuel gauge, battery monitoring ICs compatible with MAX17043/4, MAX17048/9, MAX17058/9.
- MAX3010x - I2C - Pulse oximeter and heart-rate sensor. ATM Compatible with MAX30102. -
- MAX31855 - SPI - Thermocouple digital converter -
- MAX31865 - SPI - RTD to Digital converter -
- MAX44009 - I2C - Ambient light sensor -
- MAX7219 - SPI - LED display driver -
- MCP4725 - I2C - 12-bit DAC -
- MCP49xx - SPI - 8/10/12-bit DACs like MCP4921, MCP4922, MCP4801, etc. -
- MCP9808 - I2C - Temperature sensor -
- MFRC522 - SPI - RFID tag reader/writer
- midi-port - UART - MIDI input -
- MLX9061x - I2C - MLX90614/MLX90615 Contact-less infrared (IR) temperature sensor driver. -
- motor-driver - Motor drivers: L298N, TB6612FNG, etc.
- MPU6050 - I2C - no_std driver for the MPU6050
- MPU9250 - no_std driver for the MPU9250 (and other MPU* devices) & onboard AK8963 (accelerometer + gyroscope + magnetometer IMU)
- MS5637 - no_std I2C driver for the MS5637 temperature and pressure sensor
- NRF24L01 - SPI - 2.4 GHz wireless communication
- OneWire - 1wire - OneWire protocol implementation with drivers for devices such as DS18B20 -
- PCD8544 - SPI - 48x84 pixels matrix LCD controller
- PCD8544_rich - SPI - Rich driver for 48x84 pixels matrix LCD controller -
- PCF857x - I2C - I/O expanders: PCF8574, PCF8574A, PCF8575
- radio-at86rf212 - SPI - Sub GHz 802.15.4 radio transceiver
- RFM69 - SPI - ISM radio transceiver
- RN2xx3 - Serial - A driver for the RN2483 / RN2903 LoRaWAN modems by Microchip
- SCD30 - I2C - CO₂ sensor -
- SHT2x - I2C - temperature / humidity sensors
- SHT3x - I2C - Temperature / humidity sensors
- SI5351 - I2C - clock generator
- SI7021 - I2C - Humidity and temperature sensor
- SPL06-007 - I2C - Pressure and temperature sensor -
- spi-memory - SPI - A generic driver for various SPI Flash and EEPROM chips -
- SSD1320 - SPI - Graphical OLED display controller -
- SSD1322 - SPI - Graphical OLED display controller -
- SSD1351 - SPI - 16bit colour OLED display driver -
- SSD1675 - SPI - Tri-color ePaper display controller -
- st7032i - I2C - Dot Matrix LCD Controller driver (Sitronix ST7032i or similar). -
- ST7735-lcd - SPI - An embedded-graphics compatible driver for the popular lcd family from Sitronix
- ST7920 - SPI - LCD displays using the ST7920 controller
- stm32-eth - MCU - Ethernet
- SX1278 - SPI - Long range (LoRa) transceiver
- SX1509 - I2C - IO Expander / Keypad driver
- TCS3472 - I2C - RGB color light sensor -
- TPA2016D2 - I2C - A driver for interfacing with the Texas Instruments TPA2016D2 Class-D amplifier -
- VEML6040 - I2C - RGBW color light sensor -
- VEML6070 - I2C - UVA light sensor -
- VEML7700 - I2C - Ambient light sensors -
- vesc-comm - A driver for communicating with VESC-compatible electronic speed controllers
- VL53L0X - A platform agnostic driver to interface with the vl53l0x (time-of-flight sensor)
- w5500 - SPI - Ethernet Module with hardwired protocols : TCP, UDP, ICMP, IPv4, ARP, IGMP, PPPoE -
- xCA9548A - I2C - I2C switches/multiplexers: TCA9548A, PCA9548A -
- ublox-cellular-rs - Serial - Cellular driver for the full Ublox cellular serial based family
- atwinc1500-rs - SPI - A host driver for the Atwinc1500 network controller
- HX711 - GPIO - An interrupt-based driver for the HX711 Load Cell Amplifier IC. no-std.
#![no_std] crates designed to run on resource-constrained devices.
- adskalman: Kalman filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing implementation.
- atomic: Generic Atomic wrapper type.
- bbqueue: A SPSC, statically allocatable queue based on BipBuffers suitable for DMA transfers -
- bitmatch: A crate that allows you to match, bind, and pack the individual bits of integers. -
- biquad: A library for creating second-order IIR filters for signal processing based on Biquads, where both a Direct Form 1 (DF1) and Direct Form 2 Transposed (DF2T) implementation is available.
- bit_field: manipulating bitfields and bitarrays -
- bluetooth-hci: device-independent Bluetooth Host-Controller Interface implementation.
- bounded-registers A high-assurance memory-mapped register code generation and interaction library.
bounded-registersprovides a Tock-like API for MMIO registers with the addition of type-based bounds checking. - - cam-geom: Geometric models of cameras for photogrammetry.
- combine: parser combinator library -
- console-traits: Describes a basic text console. Used by menu and implemented by vga-framebuffer.
cmim, or Cortex-M Interrupt Move: A crate for Cortex-M devices to move data to interrupt context, without needing a critical section to access the data within an interrupt, and to remove the need for the "mutex dance" -cmsis-dsp-sys: Rust FFI bindings to the Arm CMSIS_5 math library -- dcmimu: An algorithm for fusing low-cost triaxial MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer measurements
- debouncr: A simple no-std input debouncer to detect rising/falling edges with minimal RAM requirements.
- device-driver: A toolkit to write better device drivers, faster.
- drogue-device: A distribution of tools and examples for building embedded applications in Rust.
- dummy-pin: Dummy implementations of the input/output pin traits.
- crossbus: A Platform-Less, Runtime-Less Actor Computing Model.
- ector: An async actor framework for embedded, based on embassy.
- embassy: A set of embedded async tools to make async/await a first-class option for embedded development
- embedded-cli: CLI library with autocompletion, subcommands, options, help and history support.
- embedded-crc-macros: Macros implementing portable CRC algorithms and build-time lookup table generation.
- embedded-update: Pluggable firmware update protocol for embedded devices.
- embedded-tls: A TLS 1.3 implementation that runs in a no-std environment.
- embedded-websocket: A lightweight server and client websocket library for embedded systems.
- endian_codec: (En/De)code rust types as packed bytes with specific order (endian). Supports derive. -
- ethercrab: A Rust implementation of the EtherCAT industrial automation protocol -
- fixed-fft: Fixed-point Fast Fourier Transform -
- gcode: A gcode parser for no-std applications -
- gdbstub: zero-allocation, pure Rust implementation of the GDB Remote Serial Protocol -
- heapless: provides
Vec,String,LinearMap,RingBufferbacked by fixed-size buffers - - idsp: integer DSP algorithms (trigonometry, filtering, PLL...) tuned for precision and speed -
- ieee802154: Partial implementation of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard -
- infrared: infrared remote control library for embedded rust -
- intrusive-collections: intrusive (non-allocating) singly/doubly linked lists and red-black trees -
- inverted-pin: Implementations of the input/output pin traits with inverted logic.
- irq: utilities for writing interrupt handlers (allows moving data into interrupts, and sharing data between them) -
- lakers: Microcontroller-optimized EDHOC implementation, with bindings for C and Python -
- lorawan-encoding: A LoRaWAN packet codec.
- lorawan-device: A LoRaWAN MAC implementation supporting both event-driven and async mode.
- managed: provides
ManagedSlice,ManagedMapbacked by either their std counterparts or fixed-size buffers for#![no_std]. - - menu: A basic command-line interface library. Has nested menus and basic help functionality.
- mqtt-sn: Implementation of the MQTT-SN protocol -
- microfft: Embedded-friendly (
no_std, no-alloc) fast fourier transforms - - micromath: Embedded Rust math library featuring fast, safe floating point approximations for common arithmetic operations, 2D and 3D vector types, and statistical analysis -
- minimq: A minimal MQTT5 client designed for no_std platforms -
- moonboot: OTA Bootloader Construction Framework for Rust no_std environments, especially embedded devices without an OS
- nalgebra: general-purpose and low-dimensional linear algebra library -
- nom: parser combinator framework -
- null-terminated: generic null-terminated arrays -
- num-format: Crate for producing string representations of numbers, formatted according to international standards, e.g. "1,000,000" for US English -
panic-persist: A panic handler crate inspired bypanic-ramdumpthat logs panic messages to a region of RAM defined by the user, allowing for discovery of panic messages post-mortem using normal program control flow. -- pc-keyboard: A PS/2 keyboard protocol driver. Transport (bit-banging or SPI) agnostic, but can convert Set 2 Scancodes into Unicode.
- qei : A qei wrapper that allows you to extend your qei timers from a 16-bit integer to a 64-bit integer. -
- qemu-exit: Quit a running QEMU session with user-defined exit code. Useful for unit or integration tests using QEMU. -
- RampMaker: Stepper Motor Acceleration Ramp Generator -
- register-rs: Unified interface for MMIO and CPU registers. Provides type-safe bitfield manipulation.
register-rsis Tock registers with added support for CPU register definitions using the same API as for the MMIO registers. This enables homogeneous interfaces to registers of all kinds. - - scapegoat: Safe, stack-only alternative to
BTreeSetandBTreeMap. - - scroll: extensible and endian-aware Read/Write traits for generic containers -
- Slint: Declarative GUI framework that works on microcontrollers.
- smbus-pec: Minimal portable System Management Bus Packet Error Code calculation algorithm.
- smoltcp: a small TCP/IP stack that runs without
alloc. - sntpc: Rust SNTP client to get a timestamp from NTP servers. -
- static-bytes: Help work with buffers without dynamic allocation. Implement traits from bytes crate.
- Stepper: Universal Stepper Motor Interface -
- tinybmp: No-std, no-alloc BMP parser for embedded systems. Introductory blog post -
- vga-framebuffer: A VGA signal generator and font renderer for VGA-less microcontrollers. Used by Monotron to generate 48 by 36 character display using 3 SPI peripherals and a timer.
- usb-pd: USB-PD library, supports using the FUSB302B as a Sink driver, with Source functionality planned.
- wyhash: A fast, simple and portable hashing algorithm and random number generator. -
- adafruit-bluefruit-protocol: A
no_stdparser for the Adafruit Bluefruit LE Connect controller protocol. -
Work in progress crates. Help the authors make these crates awesome!
- light-cli: a lightweight heapless cli interface
- OxCC: A port of Open Source Car Control written in Rust
- Rubble: A pure-Rust embedded BLE stack
- rmk: Mechanical keyboard firmware for stm32/rp2040, supports vial/dynamic keymap/eeprom, written in Rust
- anne-key: Alternate keyboard firmware for the Obins ANNE Pro
- μLA: Micro Logic Analyzer for RP2040
- air-gradient-pro-rs: Bootloader, firmware, and CLI tools for the AirGradient PRO
- Stabilizer: Firmware for a DSP tool used in quantum physics experimentation, includes telemetry via MQTT and run-time configuration
- Booster: Firmware for an RF power amplifier, including telemetry via MQTT and run-time configuration
- Thermostat EEM: Firmware for a multi-channel temperature controller used in physics experiments
- Card/IO ECG: Firmware for a business-card-sized ECG device with Wifi connectivity
- BillMock: Firmware for credit card terminal add-on hardware to install on Korean arcade machines
- LuLuu: Firmware for a custom RP2040-based display controller that streams animated images from a microSD card to a small LCD display.
These materials may be outdated and reflect earlier practices, but they might still be helpful for reference.
- Exploring Rust on Teensy by @branan — Beginner set of articles on getting into embedded dev in Rust.
- Pragmatic Bare Metal Rust A starter article about starting Rust development on STM32 microcontrollers (cubeMX + FFI).
- Using Rust in an Embedded Project: A Simple Example Article and some links on setting up Rust cross-compiling.
- Robigalia general purpose robust operating system in Rust running on secure seL4 microkernel.
- intermezzOS A small teaching operating system in Rust. A book with some explanations is also included.
- Fearless concurrency by @japaric — How to easily develop Rust programs for pretty much any ARM Cortex-M microcontroller with memory-safe concurrency.
- Internet of Streams A video series by @jamesmunns building a bare metal IoT Sensor Node Platform from (nearly) scratch in Rust
- Ferrous Systems' Embedded Training Courses: 2019 edition A hands-on training course for beginner and advanced learners of Embedded Rust, based on Nordic Semiconductor's nRF52 and Decawave's DWM1001-DEV hardware. This training was given at Oxidize Conferences and by Ferrous Systems to corporate customers.
This list is licensed under
- CC0 1.0 Universal License (LICENSE-CC0 or https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode)
Contribution to this crate is organized under the terms of the Rust Code of Conduct, the maintainer of this crate, the Resources team, promises to intervene to uphold that code of conduct.