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minor fixes
iliakan Aug 4, 2020
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minor fixes
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minor fixes
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f0ad0ba
minor fixes
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7907cd6
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 4, 2020
beaf89f
Typos
peachesontour Aug 8, 2020
7b0d477
repeated word
joaquinelio Aug 8, 2020
d4fb59b
Merge pull request #2046 from joaquinelio/patch-1
iliakan Aug 8, 2020
bb8fc43
Typos
peachesontour Aug 8, 2020
1599dec
Merge pull request #2047 from peachesontour/patch-5
iliakan Aug 8, 2020
4ff6eb4
Various minor syntax and punctuation changes
paroche Aug 9, 2020
2aab98a
Merge pull request #2050 from javascript-tutorial/paroche-patch-19
paroche Aug 9, 2020
8d13b7f
One more little phrasing change
paroche Aug 9, 2020
0557a16
Update article.md
redradist Aug 9, 2020
1cfd422
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 9, 2020
2bf8a27
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 9, 2020
fbf443e
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 9, 2020
fe12de8
Typos
peachesontour Aug 9, 2020
8a70b74
The solution here had no break, an infinite loop.
peachesontour Aug 9, 2020
3a924fc
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 10, 2020
a6c9f30
5.4 - change 7 basic types to eight basic types
arcticmatt Aug 11, 2020
a149bc0
Fixed "compatibility" spelling error
yasath Aug 13, 2020
bc92283
Update article.md
Aug 13, 2020
6615df4
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Aug 13, 2020
665b8eb
Merge pull request #2063 from maksumi/patch-3
iliakan Aug 14, 2020
43ff24e
[Typo Correction] - "fetch" solution typo error
C17AN Aug 14, 2020
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Merge pull request #2065 from C17AN/patch-1
iliakan Aug 14, 2020
8eab7d6
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 14, 2020
b0624a1
minor fixes
iliakan Aug 14, 2020
665b972
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Violet-Bora-Lee Aug 16, 2020
4550b60
Update article.md
peachesontour Aug 16, 2020
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iliakan Aug 16, 2020
bbaa75b
Improve phrasing
bookchiq Aug 18, 2020
2c01903
Remove Edge and Firefox warning
josephrocca Aug 21, 2020
53f055c
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iliakan Aug 21, 2020
858b733
Update task.md
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iliakan Aug 22, 2020
a99254f
once in -> once every
joaquinelio Aug 22, 2020
9380866
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joaquinelio Aug 23, 2020
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joaquinelio Aug 23, 2020
44bc57e
Date object explained clearly
AasthaSinha2305 Aug 23, 2020
243a1d3
Update solution.md
AasthaSinha2305 Aug 23, 2020
37287af
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AasthaSinha2305 Aug 23, 2020
3b71f76
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b0c5dad
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iliakan Aug 24, 2020
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Removed the parts about browser compatibility
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21b83a5
Typos
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1190721
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iliakan Aug 26, 2020
c1b38c8
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iliakan Aug 26, 2020
2a6d552
updated size unit from "kb" to "KB" - [#2085]
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b105548
misplaced "too"?
joaquinelio Aug 30, 2020
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The last 2 code snippets shouldn't be runnable
peachesontour Aug 30, 2020
3aaf519
suggestion to use alert method not console.log
Violet-Bora-Lee Aug 30, 2020
4bd8ce5
fix typo and minor grammatical error
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51e5aa9
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minor fixes
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MuhammedZakir Sep 1, 2020
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minor fixes
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minor fixes
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refactor PEvents
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minor fixes
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minor fixes
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minor fixes
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content
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Address some possible inconsistencies in 1.2.9
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minor fixes, close #2137
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minor fixes
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46 changes: 46 additions & 0 deletions 1-js/01-getting-started/1-intro/article.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,19 +1,32 @@
# O introducere în JavaScript

<<<<<<< HEAD
Să vedem ce e atât de special la JavaScript, ce putem realiza cu el și ce alte tehnologii se înțeleg bine cu acesta.
=======
Let's see what's so special about JavaScript, what we can achieve with it, and what other technologies play well with it.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

## Ce este JavaScript?

<<<<<<< HEAD
*JavaScript* a fost creat inițial pentru *"a da viață paginilor"*.
=======
*JavaScript* was initially created to "make web pages alive".
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

În acest limbaj programele sunt numite *script-uri*(scripts). Acestea pot fi scrise direct în HTML și executate în mod automat pe măsură ce pagina se încarcă.

Script-urile sunt furnizate și executate ca și text simplu. Ele nu au nevoie de pregătire specială sau de compilare pentru a rula.

În ceea ce privește acest aspect, JavaScript este foarte diferit față de un alt limbaj cu nume asemănător, [Java](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)).

<<<<<<< HEAD
```smart header="Why <u>Java</u>Script?"
Când JavaScript a fost creat, inițial avea un alt nume: "LiveScript". Dar la acel moment limbajul Java era foarte popular, așa s-a decis că poziționarea unui nou limbaj ca și "frate mai mic" al lui Java, va ajuta.
=======
```smart header="Why is it called <u>Java</u>Script?"
When JavaScript was created, it initially had another name: "LiveScript". But Java was very popular at that time, so it was decided that positioning a new language as a "younger brother" of Java would help.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Dar cum acesta a evoluat, JavaScript a devenit un limbaj complet independent, cu propriile specificații, numite [ECMAScript](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript), iar acum nu mai are nici o legătură cu Java.
```
Expand All @@ -24,9 +37,15 @@ Browser-ul are un motor încorporat, uneori denumit "mașină virtuală JavaScri

Diferite motoare au diferite "nume de cod", spre exemplu:

<<<<<<< HEAD
- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- în Chrome și Opera.
- [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- în Firefox.
- ...Mai există și alte nume de cod precum "Trident" și "Chakra" pentru diferite versiuni de IE, "ChakraCore" pentru Microsoft Edge, "Nitro" și "SquirrelFish" pentru Safari, etc.
=======
- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- in Chrome and Opera.
- [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- in Firefox.
- ...There are other codenames like "Chakra" for IE, "ChakraCore" for Microsoft Edge, "Nitro" and "SquirrelFish" for Safari, etc.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Termenii de mai sus sunt bine de știut, pentru că ei sunt folosiți în articole ale dezvoltatorilor, pe internet. De exemplu dacă "o caracteristică(feature) X este suportată de către V8", atunci probabil că merge și în Chrome și în Opera.

Expand All @@ -38,7 +57,11 @@ Motoarele sunt complicate. Dar bazele sunt ușoare.
2. Apoi convertește("compilează") script-ul în limbajul mașină.
3. Apoi codul mașină rulează, destul de repede.

<<<<<<< HEAD
Motorul aplică optimizări la fiecare stadiu al procesului. Ba chiar observă script-ul compilat cum rulează, analizează datele care trec prin el și aplică optimizări asupra codului mașină, bazate pe informațiile strânse. La sfârșit script-urile rulează destul de repede.
=======
The engine applies optimizations at each step of the process. It even watches the compiled script as it runs, analyzes the data that flows through it, and further optimizes the machine code based on that knowledge.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779
```

## Ce poate JavaScript-ul din browser să facă?
Expand All @@ -63,12 +86,21 @@ Abilitățile JavaScript-ului din browser sunt limitate pentru siguranța utiliz

Exemplele acestor restricții sunt:

<<<<<<< HEAD
- JavaScript, pe o pagină web, nu poate citi/scrie fișiere arbitrare pe hard disk, nu le poate copia sau să execute programe. Nu are acces direct la funcțiile sistemului de operare.
=======
- JavaScript on a webpage may not read/write arbitrary files on the hard disk, copy them or execute programs. It has no direct access to OS functions.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Browserele moderne îi permit să lucreze cu fișiere, dar accesul este limitat și furnizat doar dacă utilizatorul realizează anumite acțiuni, cum ar fi "scăparea" unui fișier într-o fereastră de browser sau selectarea lui printr-un tag `<input>`.

<<<<<<< HEAD
Există mijloace prin care se poate interacționa cu camera/microfonul sau alte dispozitive, dar ele necesită permisiunea explicită a utilizatorului. Așadar o pagină pe care este activat JavaScript-ul nu ar putea activa o cameră web în mod viclean, și să privească împrejurimile și să trimită informații către [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency).
- În general, diferite tab-uri/ferestre nu știu nimic unele despre celelalte. Câteodată acestea știu, de exemplu când o fereastră folosește JavaScript pentru a deschide cealaltă fereastră. Dar chiar și în acest caz, JavaScript nu poate accesa cealaltă fereastră dacă ambele ferestre vin de pe site-uri diferite (de la un domeniu, protocol sau port diferit).
=======
There are ways to interact with camera/microphone and other devices, but they require a user's explicit permission. So a JavaScript-enabled page may not sneakily enable a web-camera, observe the surroundings and send the information to the [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency).
- Different tabs/windows generally do not know about each other. Sometimes they do; for example when one window uses JavaScript to open the other one. But even in this case, JavaScript from one page may not access the other if they come from different sites (from a different domain, protocol or port).
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Acest lucru se numește "Same Origin Policy"(politica aceleiași origini). Pentru a lucra în jurul acesteia, *ambele pagini* trebuie să conțină un cod special JavaScript care să administreze schimbul de date.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -106,15 +138,29 @@ Uneltele moderne fac transpilarea foarte rapidă și transparentă, permițând

Exemple de astfel de limbaje:

<<<<<<< HEAD
- [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/) este un "zahăr sintactic" pentru JavaScript, el introduce sintaxă mai scurtă, permițând scrierea de cod mai clar și mai precis. De obicei dezvoltatorii Ruby îl plac.
- [TypeScript](http://www.typescriptlang.org/) este concentrat pe adăugarea de "tipizare strictă de date", pentru a simplifica dezvoltarea și suportul sistemelor complexe. Este dezvoltat de Microsoft.
- [Flow](http://flow.org/) adaugă tipizarea datelor, dar într-un mod diferit. Dezvoltate de Facebook.
- [Dart](https://www.dartlang.org/) este un limbaj standalone care are propriul său motor care rulează în medii non-browser(precum aplicațiile mobile). A fost oferit inițial de către Google ca și un înlocuitor pentru JavaScript, dar de acum browserele necesită ca acesta să fie transpilat în JavaScript la fel ca cele de mai sus.
=======
- [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/) is a "syntactic sugar" for JavaScript. It introduces shorter syntax, allowing us to write clearer and more precise code. Usually, Ruby devs like it.
- [TypeScript](http://www.typescriptlang.org/) is concentrated on adding "strict data typing" to simplify the development and support of complex systems. It is developed by Microsoft.
- [Flow](http://flow.org/) also adds data typing, but in a different way. Developed by Facebook.
- [Dart](https://www.dartlang.org/) is a standalone language that has its own engine that runs in non-browser environments (like mobile apps), but also can be transpiled to JavaScript. Developed by Google.
- [Brython](https://brython.info/) is a Python transpiler to JavaScript that allow to write application in pure Python without JavaScript.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Există mai multe. Desigur, chiar dacă folosim unul dintre aceste limbaje, ar trebui de asemenea să știm JavaScript, pentru a înțelege cu adevărat ce facem.

## Rezumat

<<<<<<< HEAD
- JavaScript a fost creat inițial ca limbaj doar pentru browser(browser-only), dar acum este de asemenea folosit în multe alte medii.
- La momentul actual, JavaScript deține o poziție unică ca cel mai răspândit și adoptat limbaj browser cu integrare completă cu HTML/CSS.
- Există multe limbaje care sunt "transpilate" în JavaScript și furnizează anumite caracteristici. Este recomandat să arunci o privire peste ele, în linii mari, după ce stăpânești JavaScript.
=======
- JavaScript was initially created as a browser-only language, but it is now used in many other environments as well.
- Today, JavaScript has a unique position as the most widely-adopted browser language with full integration in HTML/CSS.
- There are many languages that get "transpiled" to JavaScript and provide certain features. It is recommended to take a look at them, at least briefly, after mastering JavaScript.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779
8 changes: 8 additions & 0 deletions 1-js/01-getting-started/2-manuals-specifications/article.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -5,11 +5,19 @@ Această carte este un *tutorial*. Are ca obiectiv să te ajute să înveți tre

## Specificații

<<<<<<< HEAD
**Specificația ECMA-262** conține cea mai în profunzime, detaliată și formalizată informație despre JavaScript. Aceasta definește limbajul.
=======
[The ECMA-262 specification](https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm) contains the most in-depth, detailed and formalized information about JavaScript. It defines the language.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Dar fiind atât de formalizată, este grea de înțeles la început. Deci dacă ai nevoie de cea mai de încredere sursă de informație despre detaliile limbajului, specificațiile sunt locul potrivit. Dar nu sunt pentru uzul obișnuit.

<<<<<<< HEAD
Ultima schiță este la <https://tc39.es/ecma262/>.
=======
A new specification version is released every year. In-between these releases, the latest specification draft is at <https://tc39.es/ecma262/>.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Pentru a citi despre noile caracteristici avansate, incluzând acelea care sunt "aproape standard" (așa-numita "etapă a treia"), vezi propunerile la <https://github.com/tc39/proposals>.

Expand Down
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Expand Up @@ -31,7 +31,12 @@ Diferența majoră dintre un editor de "categorie ușoară" și un "IDE" este c

Următoarele opțiuni merită atenția ta:

<<<<<<< HEAD
- [Atom](https://atom.io/) (cross-platform, gratuit).
=======
- [Atom](https://atom.io/) (cross-platform, free).
- [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) (cross-platform, free).
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779
- [Sublime Text](http://www.sublimetext.com) (cross-platform, shareware).
- [Notepad++](https://notepad-plus-plus.org/) (Windows, gratuit).
- [Vim](http://www.vim.org/) și [Emacs](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/) sunt de asemenea utile dacă știi cum să le folosești.
Expand Down
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Expand Up @@ -29,10 +29,19 @@ Aspectul exact al uneltelor de dezvoltare depinde de versiunea de Chrome folosit
- Aici vedem mesajul colorat în roșu. În acest caz, scriptul conține o comandă necunoscută, "lalala".
- În partea dreaptă se află un link către sursa `bug.html:12`, cu numărul liniei pe care a apărut eroarea.

<<<<<<< HEAD
Sub mesajul de eroare se află un simbol `>` albastru. El marchează o "linie de comandă" unde putem introduce comenzi JavaScript. Apăsați `key:Enter` ca să le rulați (`key:Shift+Enter` pentru a introduce comenzi pe mai multe linii).
=======
Below the error message, there is a blue `>` symbol. It marks a "command line" where we can type JavaScript commands. Press `key:Enter` to run them.
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

Pentru moment putem vedea erorile și asta e suficient pentru început. Vom reveni mai târziu la uneltele de dezvoltare și vom detalia depanarea în capitolul <info:debugging-chrome>.

```smart header="Multi-line input"
Usually, when we put a line of code into the console, and then press `key:Enter`, it executes.

To insert multiple lines, press `key:Shift+Enter`. This way one can enter long fragments of JavaScript code.
```

## Firefox, Edge, și altele

Expand All @@ -50,13 +59,17 @@ Deschideți preferințele (Preferences) și mergeți în secțiunea de setări a

Acum, cu tastele `key:Cmd+Opt+C` puteți afișa sau ascunde consola. De asemenea, în meniul principal a apărut opțiunea "Develop". Are multe comenzi și opțiuni.

<<<<<<< HEAD
```smart header="Multi-line input"
În mod obișnuit, când introducem o linie de cod în consolă și apoi apăsăm `key:Enter`, codul se execută.

Pentru a introduce mai multe linii, apăsați `key:Shift+Enter`. În acest fel oricine poate insera fragmente lungi de cod JavaScript.
```

## Rezumat
=======
## Summary
>>>>>>> 0599d07b3c13ee25f583fc091cead3c17a7e7779

- Uneltele de dezvoltare ne permit să vedem erori, să executăm comenzi, să evaluăm variabile și multe altele.
- Ele pot fi deschise cu tasta `key:F12` în majoritatea browserelor, pe Windows. Chrome pentru Mac folosește `key:Cmd+Opt+J`, Safari: `key:Cmd+Opt+C` (dar trebuie întâi activat).
Expand Down
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@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>

<script>
alert( "I'm JavaScript!" );
</script>

</body>

</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@

[html src="index.html"]
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions 1-js/02-first-steps/01-hello-world/article.md
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Expand Up @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The `<script>` tag contains JavaScript code which is automatically executed when
The `<script>` tag has a few attributes that are rarely used nowadays but can still be found in old code:

The `type` attribute: <code>&lt;script <u>type</u>=...&gt;</code>
: The old HTML standard, HTML4, required a script to have a `type`. Usually it was `type="text/javascript"`. It's not required anymore. Also, the modern HTML standard totally changed the meaning of this attribute. Now, it can be used for JavaScript modules. But that's an advanced topic; we'll talk about modules in another part of the tutorial.
: The old HTML standard, HTML4, required a script to have a `type`. Usually it was `type="text/javascript"`. It's not required anymore. Also, the modern HTML standard totally changed the meaning of this attribute. Now, it can be used for JavaScript modules. But that's an advanced topic, we'll talk about modules in another part of the tutorial.

The `language` attribute: <code>&lt;script <u>language</u>=...&gt;</code>
: This attribute was meant to show the language of the script. This attribute no longer makes sense because JavaScript is the default language. There is no need to use it.
Expand All @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Comments before and after scripts.
//--></script>
```

This trick isn't used in modern JavaScript. These comments hid JavaScript code from old browsers that didn't know how to process the `<script>` tag. Since browsers released in the last 15 years don't have this issue, this kind of comment can help you identify really old code.
This trick isn't used in modern JavaScript. These comments hide JavaScript code from old browsers that didn't know how to process the `<script>` tag. Since browsers released in the last 15 years don't have this issue, this kind of comment can help you identify really old code.


## External scripts
Expand All @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Here, `/path/to/script.js` is an absolute path to the script from the site root.
We can give a full URL as well. For instance:

```html
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/3.2.0/lodash.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/4.17.11/lodash.js"></script>
```

To attach several scripts, use multiple tags:
Expand Down
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Expand Up @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ But it should be two separate statements, not one. Such a merging in this case i

We recommend putting semicolons between statements even if they are separated by newlines. This rule is widely adopted by the community. Let's note once again -- *it is possible* to leave out semicolons most of the time. But it's safer -- especially for a beginner -- to use them.

## Comments
## Comments [#code-comments]

As time goes on, programs become more and more complex. It becomes necessary to add *comments* which describe what the code does and why.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alert('World');
```

```smart header="Use hotkeys!"
In most editors, a line of code can be commented out by pressing the `key:Ctrl+/` hotkey for a single-line comment and something like `key:Ctrl+Shift+/` -- for multiline comments (select a piece of code and press the hotkey). For Mac, try `key:Cmd` instead of `key:Ctrl`.
In most editors, a line of code can be commented out by pressing the `key:Ctrl+/` hotkey for a single-line comment and something like `key:Ctrl+Shift+/` -- for multiline comments (select a piece of code and press the hotkey). For Mac, try `key:Cmd` instead of `key:Ctrl` and `key:Option` instead of `key:Shift`.
```

````warn header="Nested comments are not supported!"
Expand Down
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