Refactor error handling to use \Throwable instead of Exception and Error

[Mips2648]

Description

This pull request standardizes exception handling across the codebase by replacing all instances of separate catch (Exception $e) and catch (Error $e) blocks with a single catch (\Throwable $e) block.
This change ensures that all types of errors and exceptions are caught in a unified way, improving error handling consistency and reducing code duplication.

Additionally, there are minor code formatting improvements for better readability.

These changes improve the maintainability and reliability of the code by ensuring all errors are handled consistently and the code is easier to read and update.

Suggested changelog entry

n/a

Related issues/external references

Fixes #

Types of changes

• Code quality
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
  • This change is only breaking for integrators, not for external standards or end-users.
• Documentation improvement

PR checklist

• I have checked there is no other PR open for the same change.
• I have read the [La ligne directrice pour contribuer à ce projet / Contribution guidelines for this project).
• I grant the project the right to include and distribute the code under the GNU.
• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• I have verified that the code complies with the projects coding standards.
• [Required for new sniffs] I have added MD documentation for the sniff.