Cryptography

Cisco resource - Next Generation Cryptography

Encryption Algorithms

	DES	3DES	AES	RC4	RSA	DSA	DH	ECDH	ECDSA
Algorithm Category	Symmetric Key				Asymmetric Key (Public Key)
Cipher Type	Block cipher			Stream cipher
Cipher/Key Size (bits)	64 (56)	112 or 168	128, 192 or 256	1-2048	1024, 2048, 4096...			224, 256, 384, 521 ...
Data Block Size (bits)	64	64	128
Mathematics	Boolean				Factoring large prime numbers	Discrete logarithm		Elliptic curve
Implementation	Mass/Bulk data encryption				PKI-Certificate	Digital signature	Key exchange		Digital signature

Hash Algorithms

	Hash	HMAC
Function	Hash(Message)	Hash(Message + Pre-shared Secret Key)
Cons/Pros	Vulnerable to MITM attack	Insert a pre-shared secret key into the hashing process
Applications	Integrity check	Integrity, authentication, & certificates

HMAC - Hashed Message Authentication Code

Authenticated Encryption (AE)

Combining symmetric encryption and hash algorithm to achieve both data encryption and authentication/integrity at a time.
AEAD - Add "associated data" (AD) to AE. AD remains unencrypted but integrity-protected. A typical example of AD is the destination routing information (IP address) of a network packet.