##A very challenging and unintuitive statistics problem is worded as follows:
##Ms Smith has 2 children. One of these children is a boy born on a tuesday.
##What is the chance that the other child is a girl?
##the answers of 50% and 66.6% are incorrect. The correct answer is 51.8%.
##I did not believe the correct answer when I first heard it, so I decided to simulate the situation in python.
##Sample Output Below
SAMPLE SIZE: Total number of child pairs (TotalSiblingPairs):
750000
Total number of child pairs where one is a boy (TotalSiblingPairsOB):
562139
Total number of child pairs where one is a boy and the other is a girl (TotalSiblingPairsOBOG):
375210
Total number of child pairs where one is a boy born on Tuesday (TotalSiblingPairsOBT):
103507
Total number of child pairs where one is a boy born on Tuesday and the other is a girl (TotalSiblingPairsOBTOG):
53531
Total number of child pairs where THE OLDEST child is a boy (TotalSiblingPairsOldestBoy):
374372
Total number of child pairs where THE OLDEST child is a boy and the other child is a girl (TotalSiblingPairsOldestBoyOtherGirl):
187443
Ms Smith has 2 children in this sample. At least one of these children is a boy
The odds that Ms Smith's other child is a girl is this formula: "100*TotalSiblingPairsOBOG/TotalSiblingPairsOB"
66.75%
Mathematically, This should be 66.66%
Mr Schmidt has 2 children in this sample. At least one of these children is a boy BORN ON A TUESDAY
The odds that Mr Schmidt's other child is a girl is this formula: "100*TotalSiblingPairsOBTOG/TotalSiblingPairsOBT"
51.72%
Mathematically, This should be 51.8 percent
Mr Smed has 2 children in this sample. THE OLDEST CHILD is a boy.
The odds that Mr Smed's other child is a girl is this formula: "100*TotalSiblingPairsOldestBoyOtherGirl/TotalSiblingPairsOldestBoy"
50.07%
Mathematically, This should be 50%