Just make a test.
Create a fraction number with a size over 10^21.
Than format it first with: math.format( number, { fraction: 'ratio' } ) );
The result will be: 1e21 / 1
Make the same with: math.format( number, { fraction: 'decimal' } ) );
The result will be: 10000
After 10^21 you can type any exponent you wont, like 10^50. The rerult is 10000!