[13.x] Fix incrementEach/decrementEach to scope to model instance

[JoshSalway]

Summary

Fixes 🟢 #57262. Also addresses 🔴 #48595, 🔴 #49009, 🔴 #52419, 🔴 #57302.

Aligns $model->incrementEach() and $model->decrementEach() behavior with $model->increment() and $model->decrement() when called on a model instance. Currently, calling incrementEach on an instance forwards to the base Query Builder without scoping to the model's primary key. This PR adds the Model and Builder-level methods to match the existing increment/decrement pattern.

Before

$post = Post::find(1);
$post->incrementEach(['views' => 1, 'likes' => 1]);

UPDATE posts SET views = views + 1, likes = likes + 1
-- All rows affected — not scoped to the model instance

| id | title        | views | likes |          | id | title        | views | likes |
|----|--------------|-------|-------|    →     |----|--------------|-------|-------|
| 1  | Hello World  | 10    | 5     |          | 1  | Hello World  | 11    | 6     |
| 2  | Laravel Tips | 50    | 20    |          | 2  | Laravel Tips | 51    | 21    | ← not intended
| 3  | PHP 8.5      | 100   | 40    |          | 3  | PHP 8.5      | 101   | 41    | ← not intended

After

$post = Post::find(1);
$post->incrementEach(['views' => 1, 'likes' => 1]);

UPDATE posts SET views = views + 1, likes = likes + 1, updated_at = '...' WHERE id = 1
-- Only the model instance is updated

| id | title        | views | likes |          | id | title        | views | likes |
|----|--------------|-------|-------|    →     |----|--------------|-------|-------|
| 1  | Hello World  | 10    | 5     |          | 1  | Hello World  | 11    | 6     | ← only this row
| 2  | Laravel Tips | 50    | 20    |          | 2  | Laravel Tips | 50    | 20    |
| 3  | PHP 8.5      | 100   | 40    |          | 3  | PHP 8.5      | 100   | 40    |

Query builder usage is unchanged:

// Still updates all matching rows, as expected
Post::where('published', true)->incrementEach(['views' => 1]);

Changes

Model-level (Model.php):

• Adds incrementEach(), decrementEach(), and incrementOrDecrementEach() methods mirroring the existing incrementOrDecrement() pattern
• Scopes query to primary key via setKeysForSaveQuery()
• Handles class-castable columns via isClassDeviable() / deviateClassCastableAttribute()
• Fires updating/updated model events
• Syncs in-memory attributes and uses syncOriginalAttributes() scoped to only the affected columns
• Non-existing models forward to query builder
• Registered in __call() so model instance calls are intercepted

Builder-level (Builder.php):

• Adds incrementEach() and decrementEach() that call addUpdatedAtColumn()
• Ensures updated_at is automatically set, consistent with increment()/decrement()

Attribution

Builds on @sumaiazaman's draft ⚪ #59065.

Test plan

Integration tests (7 tests in EloquentUpdateTest.php — real database):

• testIncrementEachOnModelInstanceOnlyAffectsThatRow — 3 rows, only target row changes
• testDecrementEachOnModelInstanceOnlyAffectsThatRow — 2 rows, only target row changes
• testIncrementEachViaQueryBuilderStillAffectsAllMatchingRows — mass update unchanged
• testIncrementEachOnModelInstanceUpdatesTimestamps — updated_at automatically set
• testIncrementEachOnSoftDeletedModelIgnoresGlobalScopes — works on trashed models
• testIncrementEachDoesNotResetUnrelatedDirtyAttributes — dirty name preserved after incrementing views
• testIncrementEachSyncsPrevious — getChanges() reflects incremented columns

Unit tests — Model (6 tests in DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php):

• testIncrementEachOnExistingModelScopesQueryToModelKey — WHERE clause + attribute sync
• testDecrementEachOnExistingModelScopesQueryToModelKey — WHERE clause + attribute sync
• testIncrementEachWithExtraColumnsOnExistingModel — $extra parameters propagated
• testIncrementEachFiresModelEvents — updating/updated events fire
• testIncrementEachReturnsFalseWhenUpdatingEventCancelled — event cancellation respected
• testIncrementEachOnNonExistingModelForwardsToQueryBuilder — non-existing model path

Unit tests — Builder (3 tests in DatabaseEloquentBuilderTest.php):

• testIncrementEachCallsToBaseWithUpdatedAt — updated_at automatically added
• testDecrementEachCallsToBaseWithUpdatedAt — updated_at automatically added
• testIncrementEachWithoutTimestamps — models without timestamps skip updated_at

Post-merge

• Documentation PR: Document incrementEach/decrementEach on Eloquent model instances docs#11129 — adds incrementEach/decrementEach to the Eloquent docs (currently draft, blocked by this PR)

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