[13.x] Allow passing scheduled Event in callbacks

[cosmastech]

This would be a lovely pairing with #60133.

Background

Our team realized this week that some of our critical scheduled commands were dying on the vine due to OOM. It would be helpful to have standardized logs write "Command {$event->command} started|completed|failed" in before and after hooks. Given that we have so many scheduled commands, it's a bit tedious to write the callbacks for all of them. Also... we have to remember to do it going forward 🫠

What this does

Allows userland to typehint a callback with Event $event as a parameter, and pass $this to it.

Example

Schedule::command('delete-expired-invites')
    ->hourly()
    ->before(fn (Event $event) => Log::info("Starting {$event->command}")
    ->after(fn (Stringable $output, Event $event) => Log::info("Completed {$event->command} with output:\n$output"));

[cosmastech]

Looks like test failure should be resolved by #60143