Re-add Pandas 2.2 testing

[mdekstrand]

Relax the lower bound on the Pandas dependency to 2.2, for compatibility with Google Colab.

Also makes the pandas-stubs dep consistent with Pandas.

Closes #1103.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.67%. Comparing base (e2e4dd7) to head (2be8fc9).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1104   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.67%   89.67%           
=======================================
  Files         247      247           
  Lines       16729    16729           
=======================================
  Hits        15002    15002           
  Misses       1727     1727           

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