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CD-i: Add Audio Mixing #14481

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5a39587
CD-i: Add Audio Mixing
Vincent-Halver Nov 5, 2025
ae3e54f
Update cdicdic.cpp
Vincent-Halver Nov 13, 2025
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/mame/philips/cdi.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ class cdi_state : public driver_device
public:
cdi_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag)
: driver_device(mconfig, type, tag)
, m_cdic(*this, "cdic")
, m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu")
, m_main_rom(*this, "maincpu")
, m_lcd(*this, "lcd")
, m_slave_hle(*this, "slave_hle")
, m_plane_ram(*this, "plane%u", 0U)
, m_servo(*this, "servo")
, m_slave(*this, "slave")
, m_cdic(*this, "cdic")
, m_cdrom(*this, "cdrom")
, m_mcd212(*this, "mcd212")
, m_dmadac(*this, "dac%u", 1U)
Expand All @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class cdi_state : public driver_device
void cdimono2(machine_config &config);
void cdi910(machine_config &config);

optional_device<cdicdic_device> m_cdic;
protected:
enum servo_portc_bit_t
{
Expand All @@ -54,7 +55,6 @@ class cdi_state : public driver_device
required_shared_ptr_array<uint16_t, 2> m_plane_ram;
optional_device<m68hc05c8_device> m_servo;
optional_device<m68hc05c8_device> m_slave;
optional_device<cdicdic_device> m_cdic;
required_device<cdrom_image_device> m_cdrom;
required_device<mcd212_device> m_mcd212;

Expand Down
103 changes: 64 additions & 39 deletions src/mame/philips/cdicdic.cpp
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Expand Up @@ -318,50 +318,33 @@ void cdicdic_device::play_raw_group(const uint8_t *data)
m_dmadac[1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
}

void cdicdic_device::play_xa_group(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data)
void cdicdic_device::play_xa_group(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data, const uint16_t idx)
{
static const uint16_t s_4bit_header_offsets[8] = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
static const uint16_t s_8bit_header_offsets[4] = { 4, 5, 6, 7 };
static const uint16_t s_4bit_data_offsets[8] = { 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19 };
static const uint16_t s_8bit_data_offsets[4] = { 16, 17, 18, 19 };

int16_t samples[28];

switch (coding & (CODING_BPS_MASK | CODING_CHAN_MASK))
static const uint16_t HEADER_OFFSET_4BIT[8] = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
static const uint16_t HEADER_OFFSET_8BIT[4] = { 4, 5, 6, 7 };
static const uint16_t DATA_OFFSET_4BIT[8] = { 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19 };
static const uint16_t DATA_OFFSET_8BIT[4] = { 16, 17, 18, 19 };
uint8_t num_samples = coding & CODING_8BPS ? 4 : 8;
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_samples; i++)
{
switch (coding & (CODING_BPS_MASK | CODING_CHAN_MASK))
{
case CODING_4BPS | CODING_MONO:
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
decode_4bit_xa_unit(0, data[s_4bit_header_offsets[i]], data + s_4bit_data_offsets[i], (i & 1) ? 4 : 0, samples);
m_dmadac[0]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
m_dmadac[1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
}
return;
decode_4bit_xa_unit(0, data[HEADER_OFFSET_4BIT[i]], data + DATA_OFFSET_4BIT[i], (i & 1) ? 4 : 0, &m_samples[0][idx + i * 28]);
break;

case CODING_4BPS | CODING_STEREO:
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
decode_4bit_xa_unit(i & 1, data[s_4bit_header_offsets[i]], data + s_4bit_data_offsets[i], (i & 1) ? 4 : 0, samples);
m_dmadac[i & 1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
}
return;
decode_4bit_xa_unit(i & 1, data[HEADER_OFFSET_4BIT[i]], data + DATA_OFFSET_4BIT[i], (i & 1) ? 4 : 0, &m_samples[i & 1][idx + (i >> 1) * 28]);
break;

case CODING_8BPS | CODING_MONO:
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
decode_8bit_xa_unit(0, data[s_8bit_header_offsets[i]], data + s_8bit_data_offsets[i], samples);
m_dmadac[0]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
m_dmadac[1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
}
return;
decode_8bit_xa_unit(0, data[HEADER_OFFSET_8BIT[i]], data + DATA_OFFSET_8BIT[i], &m_samples[0][idx + i * 28]);
break;

case CODING_8BPS | CODING_STEREO:
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
decode_8bit_xa_unit(i & 1, data[s_8bit_header_offsets[i]], data + s_8bit_data_offsets[i], samples);
m_dmadac[i & 1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 28, samples);
}
return;
decode_8bit_xa_unit(i & 1, data[HEADER_OFFSET_8BIT[i]], data + DATA_OFFSET_8BIT[i], &m_samples[i & 1][idx + (i >> 1) * 28]);
break;
}
}
}

Expand All @@ -377,10 +360,12 @@ void cdicdic_device::play_cdda_sector(const uint8_t *data)
{
samples[0][i] = (int16_t)((data[(i * 4) + 1] << 8) | data[(i * 4) + 0]);
samples[1][i] = (int16_t)((data[(i * 4) + 3] << 8) | data[(i * 4) + 2]);
m_samples[0][i] = samples[0][i];
m_samples[1][i] = samples[1][i];
}

m_dmadac[0]->transfer(0, 1, 1, SECTOR_SIZE/4, samples[0]);
m_dmadac[1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, SECTOR_SIZE/4, samples[1]);
m_dmadac[0]->transfer(0, 1, 1, SECTOR_SIZE / 4, &m_samples[0][0]);
m_dmadac[1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, SECTOR_SIZE / 4, &m_samples[1][0]);
}

void cdicdic_device::play_audio_sector(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -439,6 +424,19 @@ void cdicdic_device::play_audio_sector(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data
m_dmadac[0]->set_volume(0x100);
m_dmadac[1]->set_volume(0x100);

uint8_t num_samples = 4;

switch (coding & (CODING_BPS_MASK | CODING_CHAN_MASK))
{
case CODING_4BPS | CODING_MONO:
num_samples = 8;
break;
case CODING_8BPS | CODING_STEREO:
num_samples = 2;
break;
}


if (bits == 16 && channels == 2)
{
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SECTOR_AUDIO_SIZE; i += 112, data += 112)
Expand All @@ -448,13 +446,38 @@ void cdicdic_device::play_audio_sector(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data
}
else
{
uint16_t offset = 0;
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SECTOR_AUDIO_SIZE; i += 128, data += 128)
{
play_xa_group(coding, data);
play_xa_group(coding, data, offset);
offset += 28 * num_samples;
}
int16_t sampleL = 0, sampleR = 0, outL = 0, outR = 0;
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 18 * 28 * num_samples; i++)
{
sampleL = m_samples[0][i];
sampleR = m_samples[coding & CODING_STEREO][i];

float scaleLL = powf(10.0f, -m_atten[0] / 20.0f);
float scaleLR = powf(10.0f, -m_atten[1] / 20.0f);
float scaleRR = powf(10.0f, -m_atten[2] / 20.0f);
float scaleRL = powf(10.0f, -m_atten[3] / 20.0f);
outL = (sampleL * scaleLL + sampleR * scaleRL) * 0.5;
outR = (sampleL * scaleLR + sampleR * scaleRR) * 0.5;
m_dmadac[0]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 1, &outL);
m_dmadac[1]->transfer(0, 1, 1, 1, &outR);
}
}
}

void cdicdic_device::atten_w(uint8_t* args) {
// TODO: The mutes here should be stored separately and used in the mixer directly.
m_atten[0] = ((args[0] & 0x8) << 7) | args[1];
m_atten[1] = ((args[0] & 0x4) << 7) | args[2];
m_atten[2] = ((args[0] & 0x2) << 7) | args[3];
m_atten[3] = ((args[0] & 0x1) << 7) | args[4];
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@MooglyGuy MooglyGuy Nov 5, 2025 •
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Following on from Kale's comment, it's pretty unlikely that the real hardware connection between the SLAVE and CDIC devices is 20 individual traces for the 20 bits of state represented by args here.

The correct way to do this would be to have atten_w take a single uint8_t, have a private member that increments on each call from 0 to 4 and wrapping around, in order to determine how to apply the incoming byte to the m_atten array. You would then have a devcb_write8 with a public callback-registration function in cdislavehle_device - there are plenty of examples throughout the codebase on how to do this - and then in the machine configuration function for cdi_state::cdimono1_base, do -

m_slave_hle->atten_callback().set(m_cdic, FUNC(cdicdic_device::atten_w));

rather than grabbing into a protected class member in a way that doesn't compile.

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@Vincent-Halver Vincent-Halver Nov 5, 2025

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Added a temporary fix to expose the cdic for dynamic casting just so that it compiles so it can be validated it worked. Thanks for the feedback, I'll look into the callback change.

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@Vincent-Halver Vincent-Halver Nov 13, 2025

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Thank you for the example. Excluding the Mute bits here will result in popping sounds. Hotel Mario shows that this solution is close, but not entirely correct. I don't exactly know what the correct technical implementation is supposed to be yet.

If it is acceptable, I will commit this in the (largely) working state. I have left a TODO here.

}

TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER( cdicdic_device::audio_tick )
{
if (m_audio_sector_counter > 0)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1318,6 +1341,7 @@ void cdicdic_device::device_start()
save_item(NAME(m_decode_addr));

save_item(NAME(m_xa_last));
save_item(NAME(m_atten));

m_audio_timer = timer_alloc(FUNC(cdicdic_device::audio_tick), this);
m_audio_timer->adjust(attotime::never);
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1364,7 +1388,8 @@ void cdicdic_device::device_reset()
m_dmadac[0]->enable(1);
m_dmadac[1]->enable(1);

std::fill_n(&m_xa_last[0], 4, 0);
std::fill_n(m_xa_last, 4, 0);
std::fill_n(m_atten, 4, 0);
}

void cdicdic_device::ram_w(offs_t offset, uint16_t data, uint16_t mem_mask)
Expand Down
6 changes: 4 additions & 2 deletions src/mame/philips/cdicdic.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class cdicdic_device : public device_t
void ram_w(offs_t offset, uint16_t data, uint16_t mem_mask = ~0);

uint8_t intack_r();
void atten_w(uint8_t* args);

protected:
// device_t implementation
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -189,12 +190,13 @@ class cdicdic_device : public device_t
int16_t m_xa_last[4];
std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_ram;
std::unique_ptr<int16_t[]> m_samples[2];
uint8_t m_atten[4];

void decode_xa_unit(const uint8_t param, int16_t sample, int16_t &sample0, int16_t &sample1, int16_t &out_buffer);
void decode_xa_unit(const uint8_t param, int16_t sample, int16_t& sample0, int16_t& sample1, int16_t& out_buffer);
void decode_8bit_xa_unit(int channel, uint8_t param, const uint8_t *data, int16_t *out_buffer);
void decode_4bit_xa_unit(int channel, uint8_t param, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t shift, int16_t *out_buffer);
void play_raw_group(const uint8_t *data);
void play_xa_group(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data);
void play_xa_group(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data, const uint16_t idx);
void play_audio_sector(const uint8_t coding, const uint8_t *data);
void play_cdda_sector(const uint8_t *data);
void process_audio_map();
Expand Down
14 changes: 14 additions & 0 deletions src/mame/philips/cdislavehle.cpp
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Expand Up @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@

#define VERBOSE (0)
#include "logmacro.h"
#include "cdi.h"

// device type definition
DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(CDI_SLAVE_HLE, cdislave_hle_device, "cdislavehle", "CD-i Mono-I Slave HLE")
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -227,6 +228,12 @@ void cdislave_hle_device::slave_w(offs_t offset, uint16_t data)
{
switch (m_in_buf[0])
{
case 0xc0: case 0xc1: case 0xc2: case 0xc3: case 0xc4: case 0xc5: case 0xc6: case 0xc7:
case 0xc8: case 0xc9: case 0xca: case 0xcb: case 0xcc: case 0xcd: case 0xce: case 0xcf:
dynamic_cast<cdi_state*>(m_owner)->m_cdic->atten_w(m_in_buf);
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@angelosa angelosa Nov 5, 2025

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This is unportable, you should rather provide this communication thru devcb_write8::array<4>.

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@Vincent-Halver Vincent-Halver Nov 13, 2025

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Acknowledged. If it is acceptable, I will use a follow up PR on this detail.

m_in_index = 0;
m_in_count = 0;
break;
case 0xf0: // Set Front Panel LCD
memset(m_in_buf + 1, 0, 16);
m_in_count = 17;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -264,6 +271,13 @@ void cdislave_hle_device::slave_w(offs_t offset, uint16_t data)
m_in_count = 0;
break;
}
case 0xc0: case 0xc1: case 0xc2: case 0xc3: case 0xc4: case 0xc5: case 0xc6: case 0xc7:
case 0xc8: case 0xc9: case 0xca: case 0xcb: case 0xcc: case 0xcd: case 0xce: case 0xcf:
{
LOGMASKED(LOG_COMMANDS, "slave_w: Channel %d: Set Attenuation Audio\n", offset);
m_in_count = 5;
break;
}
case 0xf0: // Set Front Panel LCD
LOGMASKED(LOG_COMMANDS, "slave_w: Channel %d: Set Front Panel LCD (0xf0)\n", offset);
m_in_count = 17;
Expand Down
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