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NearLearning

Near Protocol を学習するためのリポジトリです。

ウォレットの生成コマンド

near generate-key my-new-account
上記コマンドを打つとローカルの~/.near-credentials/testnet/my-new-account.jsonというファイルが生成されてそこに鍵ペアの情報が記載される。

もしくは以下のCLIをインストールしても良い

npm install -g near-cli-rs@latest

ネットワークの種類などは下記を参照すること

https://docs.near.org/concepts/basics/networks

near create-account <account.testnet> --useFaucet

テンプレの Near DApp プロジェクト生成コマンド

npx create-near-app@latest my-dapp --contract rust --frontend react --tests rust

うまく行けばmy-dappというディレクトリが生成され、下記のような内容が出力される。

Creating a new NEAR dApp

======================================================
✅  Success! Created 'my-dapp'
   with a smart contract in Rust and a frontend template in React.js.
🦀 If you are new to Rust please visit https://www.rust-lang.org

  Your next steps:
   - Navigate to your project:
         cd my-dapp
   - Install all dependencies
         npm install
   - Build your contract:
         npm run build
   - Test your contract in NEAR SandBox:
         npm test
   - Deploy your contract to NEAR TestNet with a temporary dev account:
         npm run deploy
   - Start your frontend:
         npm start

🧠 Read README.md to explore further.

ビルド方法

cd my-dapp && npm i && npm run build

>> Building contract
info: component 'rust-std' for target 'wasm32-unknown-unknown' is up to date
   Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.47
   Compiling quote v1.0.21
   Compiling unicode-ident v1.0.5
   Compiling syn v1.0.102
   Compiling serde v1.0.145
   Compiling version_check v0.9.4
   Compiling serde_derive v1.0.145
   Compiling once_cell v1.15.0
   Compiling crunchy v0.2.2
   Compiling wee_alloc v0.4.5
   Compiling serde_json v1.0.86
   Compiling cfg-if v0.1.10
   Compiling Inflector v0.11.4
   Compiling ryu v1.0.11
   Compiling memory_units v0.4.0
   Compiling itoa v1.0.4
   Compiling byteorder v1.4.3
   Compiling near-sys v0.2.0
   Compiling base64 v0.13.0
   Compiling bs58 v0.4.0
   Compiling static_assertions v1.1.0
   Compiling hex v0.4.3
   Compiling ahash v0.7.6
   Compiling uint v0.9.4
   Compiling hashbrown v0.11.2
   Compiling toml v0.5.9
   Compiling borsh-derive-internal v0.9.3
   Compiling borsh-schema-derive-internal v0.9.3
   Compiling proc-macro-crate v0.1.5
   Compiling borsh-derive v0.9.3
   Compiling near-sdk-macros v4.0.0
   Compiling borsh v0.9.3
   Compiling near-sdk v4.0.0
   Compiling hello_near v1.0.0 (/Users/harukikondo/git/NearLearning/my-dapp/contract)
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 43.27s

contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/releaseフォルダ配下にビルドの成果物が出力される。
今回の場合は、hello_near.wasm

スマートコントラクトのデプロイ方法

npm run deploy or 上記コマンドでビルド済みであれば下記コマンドでデプロイ可能

cd contract && near dev-deploy --wasmFile ./target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/hello_near.wasm

うまく行けば下記のように出力される。

Starting deployment. Account id: dev-1666101496152-75593018686129, node: https://rpc.testnet.near.org, helper: https://helper.testnet.near.org, file: ./target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/hello_near.wasm
Transaction Id 64HxQ1dqTrZkLUpBVH4eVqcvYBMbWcvDZUULHNyoQJ76
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/64HxQ1dqTrZkLUpBVH4eVqcvYBMbWcvDZUULHNyoQJ76
Done deploying to dev-1666101496152-75593018686129

デプロイが完了したらnpm run startでフロントを起動させる。

開発用のウォレットのシードリカバリーフレーズ ※開発用！！※

nearlearning.testnet

expect erupt antenna simple census stereo student sadness fever cousin news escape

Counter Project のテスト結果

running 5 tests
test tests::panics_on_overflow - should panic ... ok
test tests::panics_on_underflow - should panic ... ok
test tests::decrement ... ok
test tests::increment ... ok
test tests::increment_and_reset ... ok

test result: ok. 5 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s


> counter-rust@1.0.0 test:integration
> cd integration-tests && npm test -- -- "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


> integration-tests@1.0.0 test
> ava "--" "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


Contract logs from contract.test.near.increment({}) call: [ 'Increased number to 1' ]
  ✔ can be incremented (2.5s)
Contract logs from contract.test.near.increment({}) call: [ 'Increased number to 1' ]
Contract logs from contract.test.near.increment({}) call: [ 'Increased number to 1' ]
Contract logs from contract.test.near.decrement({}) call: [ 'Decreased number to 0' ]
  ✔ can be decremented (5s)
Contract logs from contract.test.near.increment({}) call: [ 'Increased number to 2' ]
Contract logs from contract.test.near.reset({}) call: [ 'Reset counter to zero' ]
  ✔ can be reset (7.5s)
  ─

  3 tests passed

Counter Contract のデプロイ記録

>> Building contract
info: component 'rust-std' for target 'wasm32-unknown-unknown' is up to date
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 1.78s
>> Deploying contract
Starting deployment. Account id: dev-1666224453427-38248329492791, node: https://rpc.testnet.near.org, helper: https://helper.testnet.near.org, file: ./target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm
Transaction Id 7nP16Qqgh6bExwUFa6Swh8GJzbjMcCWX12Bmzxco36bP
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/7nP16Qqgh6bExwUFa6Swh8GJzbjMcCWX12Bmzxco36bP
Done deploying to dev-1666224453427-38248329492791

Guest Book のテスト結果

running 2 tests
test tests::add_message ... ok
test tests::iters_messages ... ok

test result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s


> guest-book-rust@1.0.0 test:integration
> cd integration-tests && npm test -- -- "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


> integration-tests@1.0.0 test
> ava "--" "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


  ✔ send one message and retrieve it (2.5s)
  ✔ send two messages and expect two total (5s)
  ─

  2 tests passed

Guest Book Contract のデプロイ記録

>> Deploying contract
Starting deployment. Account id: dev-1666229594742-78931601450570, node: https://rpc.testnet.near.org, helper: https://helper.testnet.near.org, file: ./target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm
Transaction Id DQvNJcKJyM9or2xnwje9oogpR8kNFggNVs8Q6QBALwxH
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/DQvNJcKJyM9or2xnwje9oogpR8kNFggNVs8Q6QBALwxH
Done deploying to dev-1666229594742-78931601450570

Guest Book の起動例

Donation の起動例

   Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 32.08s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/contract-523f2161a4e81e09)

running 2 tests
test tests::initializes ... ok
test tests::donate ... ok

test result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s


> donation-rust@1.0.0 test:integration
> cd integration-tests && npm test -- -- "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


> integration-tests@1.0.0 test
> ava "--" "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


Contract logs from contract.test.near.donate({}) call: [
  'Thank you bob.test.near for donating 2000000000000000000000000! You donated a total of 2000000000000000000000000'
]
  ✔ records the donation (3s)
Contract logs from contract.test.near.donate({}) call: [
  'Thank you alice.test.near for donating 1000000000000000000000000! You donated a total of 1000000000000000000000000'
]
  ✔ sends donations to the beneficiary (3s)
  ─

  2 tests passed

donation DApp の起動例

cross contract のテスト結果

running 1 test
test tests::initializes ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s


> xcc-rust@1.0.0 test:integration
> cd integration-tests && npm test -- -- "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


> integration-tests@1.0.0 test
> ava "--" "./contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm"


Contract logs from xcc.test.near.change_greeting({"new_greeting":"Howdy"}) call: [ 'Saving greeting Howdy', 'set_greeting was successful!' ]
  ✔ returns the default greeting (3.5s)
  ✔ change the greeting (7s)
  ─

  2 tests passed

cross contract deploy

>> Building contract
info: component 'rust-std' for target 'wasm32-unknown-unknown' is up to date
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.77s
>> Deploying contract
Starting deployment. Account id: dev-1666364094200-15795635280546, node: https://rpc.testnet.near.org, helper: https://helper.testnet.near.org, file: ./target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm
Transaction Id 3m8KBatTzAavkN1Au7MUXGcHtwiXkQXoHFbi9aEdMZ2r
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/3m8KBatTzAavkN1Au7MUXGcHtwiXkQXoHFbi9aEdMZ2r
Done deploying to dev-1666364094200-15795635280546

cross contract init && getGreeting && changeGreeting

near call dev-1666366301558-59429896796674 init '{ "hello_account" : "dev-1666101496152-75593018686129" }' --accountId dev-1666366301558-59429896796674
near call dev-1666366301558-59429896796674 query_greeting --accountId dev-1666366301558-59429896796674

レスポンス結果

Transaction Id 33CdnsfFNwabfrgsHeTuDipqKwvyaTJm5E7ovgAwthmj
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/33CdnsfFNwabfrgsHeTuDipqKwvyaTJm5E7ovgAwthmj
'Hello World!!!!!!'

change greeting

near call dev-1666366301558-59429896796674 change_greeting '{"new_greeting":"Hello Near!!"}' --accountId dev-1666366301558-59429896796674

FT

./scripts/build.sh

deploy FT Contract

near dev-deploy --wasmFile ./res/fungible_token.wasm

レスポンス例

Starting deployment. Account id: dev-1666448292562-94239640320244, node: https://rpc.testnet.near.org, helper: https://helper.testnet.near.org, file: ./res/fungible_token.wasm
Transaction Id 7GNSdwRVXv8aEm3AQVi4WNn3oFL336Vdee9wUbTsqm9P
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/7GNSdwRVXv8aEm3AQVi4WNn3oFL336Vdee9wUbTsqm9P
Done deploying to dev-1666448292562-94239640320244

Inti FT metadata

near call dev-1666448292562-94239640320244 new '{"owner_id": "mashharuki2.testnet", "total_supply": "1000000000000000", "metadata": { "spec": "ft-1.0.0", "name": "MashToken", "symbol": "MSH", "decimals": 8 }}' --accountId dev-1666448292562-94239640320244

Get FT Metadata

near view dev-1666448292562-94239640320244 ft_metadata

Register ID

near call dev-1666448292562-94239640320244 storage_deposit '{"account_id": "dev-1666366301558-59429896796674"}' --accountId dev-1666366301558-59429896796674 --amount 0.00125

transfer

near call dev-1666448292562-94239640320244 ft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "mashharuki3.testnet", "amount": "10000"}' --accountId dev-1666366301558-59429896796674 --depositYocto 1

get balance

near view dev-1666448292562-94239640320244 ft_balance_of '{"account_id": "dev-1666366301558-59429896796674"}'

NFT deploy

near dev-deploy --wasmFile ./res/non_fungible_token.wasm

レスポンス例

Starting deployment. Account id: dev-1666491632538-13483140650591, node: https://rpc.testnet.near.org, helper: https://helper.testnet.near.org, file: ./res/non_fungible_token.wasm
Transaction Id 9CWAzB1EZiqhgzjGCk8okrS3LkdECKNZJzvYJG9t7JuW
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/9CWAzB1EZiqhgzjGCk8okrS3LkdECKNZJzvYJG9t7JuW
Done deploying to dev-1666491632538-13483140650591

Init NFT

near call dev-1666491632538-13483140650591 new_default_meta '{ "owner_id" : "dev-1666491632538-13483140650591" }' --accountId dev-1666491632538-13483140650591

Attached NFT Storage

near call dev-1666491632538-13483140650591 nft_transfer_call '{"receiver_id": "nearlearning.testnet", "token_id": "0", "msg": "this is a test"}' --accountId mashharuki2.testnet --deposit 1

NFT set metadata

near call dev-1666491632538-13483140650591 nft_mint '{"token_id": "0", "receiver_id": "nearlearning.testnet", "token_metadata": {"title": "Mash", "description": "This is a test NFT", "media": "http://hogehoge.com" }, "royalties": {"<account>" : 0.1, "<account>" : 0.9}}' --accountId mashharuki2.testnet --deposit 0.1

レスポンス例

Transaction Id 6tpyYbCPH3T4yqXohBMoNREvcFv49RePpxqV1m4vk1h9
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/6tpyYbCPH3T4yqXohBMoNREvcFv49RePpxqV1m4vk1h9
{
  token_id: '0',
  owner_id: 'nearlearning.testnet',
  metadata: {
    title: 'Mash',
    description: 'This is a test NFT',
    media: 'http://hogehoge.com',
    media_hash: null,
    copies: null,
    issued_at: null,
    expires_at: null,
    starts_at: null,
    updated_at: null,
    extra: null,
    reference: null,
    reference_hash: null
  },
  approved_account_ids: {}
}

get NFT Metadata

near view dev-1666491632538-13483140650591 nft_metadata
{
  spec: 'nft-1.0.0',
  name: 'Example NEAR non-fungible token',
  symbol: 'EXAMPLE',
  icon: "data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 288 288'%3E%3Cg id='l' data-name='l'%3E%3Cpath d='M187.58,79.81l-30.1,44.69a3.2,3.2,0,0,0,4.75,4.2L191.86,103a1.2,1.2,0,0,1,2,.91v80.46a1.2,1.2,0,0,1-2.12.77L102.18,77.93A15.35,15.35,0,0,0,90.47,72.5H87.34A15.34,15.34,0,0,0,72,87.84V201.16A15.34,15.34,0,0,0,87.34,216.5h0a15.35,15.35,0,0,0,13.08-7.31l30.1-44.69a3.2,3.2,0,0,0-4.75-4.2L96.14,186a1.2,1.2,0,0,1-2-.91V104.61a1.2,1.2,0,0,1,2.12-.77l89.55,107.23a15.35,15.35,0,0,0,11.71,5.43h3.13A15.34,15.34,0,0,0,216,201.16V87.84A15.34,15.34,0,0,0,200.66,72.5h0A15.35,15.35,0,0,0,187.58,79.81Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E",
  base_uri: null,
  reference: null,
  reference_hash: null
}

check NFT owner

near view dev-1666491632538-13483140650591 nft_tokens_for_owner '{"account_id": "nearlearning.testnet"}'

レスポンス例

View call: dev-1666491632538-13483140650591.nft_tokens_for_owner({"account_id": "nearlearning.testnet"})
[
  {
    token_id: '0',
    owner_id: 'nearlearning.testnet',
    metadata: {
      title: 'Mash',
      description: 'This is a test NFT',
      media: 'http://hogehoge.com',
      media_hash: null,
      copies: null,
      issued_at: null,
      expires_at: null,
      starts_at: null,
      updated_at: null,
      extra: null,
      reference: null,
      reference_hash: null
    },
    approved_account_ids: {}
  }
]

NFT Tutorial の起動例

DAO プロジェクト

コントラクトビルド

cd ./dao/sputnik-dao-contract && sh ./build.sh
export CONTRACT_ID=dev-1667465532719-78367815258907

DAO ファクトリーのデプロイ

near dev-deploy --wasmFile=res/sputnikdao_factory2.wasm

コントラクトの初期化

near call $CONTRACT_ID new --accountId $CONTRACT_ID --gas 100000000000000

DAO のメンバーと情報を定義する

export COUNCIL='["council-member.testnet", "mashharuki.testnet"]'
export ARGS=`echo '{"config": {"name": "genesis", "purpose": "Mash DAO", "metadata":""}, "policy": '$COUNCIL'}' | base64`

DAO を作成する。

near call $CONTRACT_ID create "{\"name\": \"genesis\", \"args\": \"$ARGS\"}" --accountId $CONTRACT_ID --amount 10 --gas 150000000000000

DAO コントラクトのアカウント取得

export SPUTNIK_ID=genesis.$CONTRACT_ID

DAO の情報を取得する。

near view $SPUTNIK_ID get_policy

result

{
  roles: [
    {
      name: 'all',
      kind: 'Everyone',
      permissions: [ '*:AddProposal' ],
      vote_policy: {}
    },
    {
      name: 'council',
      kind: { Group: [ 'council-member.testnet', 'mashharuki.testnet' ] },
      permissions: [
        '*:Finalize',
        '*:AddProposal',
        '*:VoteApprove',
        '*:VoteReject',
        '*:VoteRemove'
      ],
      vote_policy: {}
    }
  ],
  default_vote_policy: { weight_kind: 'RoleWeight', quorum: '0', threshold: [ 1, 2 ] },
  proposal_bond: '1000000000000000000000000',
  proposal_period: '604800000000000',
  bounty_bond: '1000000000000000000000000',
  bounty_forgiveness_period: '86400000000000'
}

CLIの使い方

export ACCOUNT_ID=<自分のアカウントID>

アカウントの情報を表示する

near state $ACCOUNT_ID

参考文献

  1. NEAR Developer Docs
  2. Near ADK Rust Docs
  3. Arlocal
  4. RPC Providers
  5. NEAR University
  6. Create NAER App
  7. Near Example Counter Rust
  8. Near Example Fungible Token
  9. Near Example NFT
  10. NEAR Explorer(testnet)
  11. Near Example Guest Book
  12. Near Example Donation
  13. Complex Cross Contract Call
  14. Fungible Token Standard
  15. NEAR Example Frontend(sample)
  16. nft tutorial
  17. Create Account
  18. Testnet Faucet
  19. 1Click API

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