Upgrade msft-golang to 1.24.12

[Kanishk-Bansal]

Merge Checklist

All boxes should be checked before merging the PR (just tick any boxes which don't apply to this PR)

• The toolchain has been rebuilt successfully (or no changes were made to it)
• The toolchain/worker package manifests are up-to-date
• Any updated packages successfully build (or no packages were changed)
• Packages depending on static components modified in this PR (Golang, *-static subpackages, etc.) have had their Release tag incremented.
• Package tests (%check section) have been verified with RUN_CHECK=y for existing SPEC files, or added to new SPEC files
• All package sources are available
• cgmanifest files are up-to-date and sorted (./cgmanifest.json, ./toolkit/scripts/toolchain/cgmanifest.json, .github/workflows/cgmanifest.json)
• LICENSE-MAP files are up-to-date (./LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/SPECS/data/licenses.json, ./LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/SPECS/LICENSES-MAP.md, ./LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/SPECS/LICENSE-EXCEPTIONS.PHOTON)
• All source files have up-to-date hashes in the *.signatures.json files
• sudo make go-tidy-all and sudo make go-test-coverage pass
• Documentation has been updated to match any changes to the build system
• Ready to merge

---

Summary

What does the PR accomplish, why was it needed?

• Upgrade to 1.24.12 for https://cybersecuritynews.com/go-1-25-6-and-1-24-12-vulnerabilities/

Change Log

• Change
• Change
• Change

Does this affect the toolchain?

YES/NO

Associated issues

• #xxxx

Links to CVEs

• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-YYYY-XXXX

Test Methodology

• Pipeline build id: xxxx

[Kanishk-Bansal]

Buddy Build
Source already uploaded

[mfrw]

LGTM

[CBL-Mariner-Bot]

Auto cherry-pick results:

• main ✅ -> [AUTO-CHERRYPICK] Upgrade msft-golang to 1.24.12 - branch main #15571

Auto cherry-pick pipeline run -> https://dev.azure.com/mariner-org/mariner/_build/results?buildId=1034199&view=results

[CBL-Mariner-Bot]

Auto cherry-pick results:

• 2.0 ✅ -> [AUTO-CHERRYPICK] Upgrade msft-golang to 1.24.12 - branch 2.0 #15591

Auto cherry-pick pipeline run -> https://dev.azure.com/mariner-org/mariner/_build/results?buildId=1036946&view=results