Support public directory for checks (MDL-83424)

[andrewnicols]

This patchset:

• makes the list_valid_components tooling work with the new public directory;
• makes the create_phpunit_xml.php tooling work with the public directory; and
• makes the version check tooling work too.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 33.42%. Comparing base (b3a101d) to head (1421db4).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #359      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   24.99%   33.42%   +8.43%     
==========================================
  Files          72       72              
  Lines        3257     3267      +10     
==========================================
+ Hits          814     1092     +278     
+ Misses       2443     2175     -268     

Flag	Coverage Δ
check_upgrade_savepoints	0.45% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
checkstyle_manipulations	0.00% <ø> (?)
compare_databases	2.35% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
continuous_manage_queues_validation	1.37% <ø> (?)
define_excluded	1.10% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
detect_conflicts	1.46% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
diff_extract_changes	0.00% <ø> (?)
git_sync_two_branches	2.02% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
grunt_process	2.96% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
illegal_whitespace	2.60% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
list_valid_components	0.00% <ø> (?)
mustache_lint	2.81% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
mustache_lint_plugins	1.31% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
php_lint	1.22% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
prepare_npm_stuff	1.49% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
remote_branch_checker	17.26% <ø> (?)
remote_branch_reporter	0.00% <ø> (?)
setup	0.00% <ø> (ø)
thirdparty_check	1.56% <ø> (+0.08%)	⬆️
travis-branch-checker	0.00% <ø> (ø)
upgrade_external_backup	1.62% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
verifications	0.00% <ø> (ø)
verify_commit_messages	2.60% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
verify_phpunit_xml	1.22% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
versions_check_set	5.14% <ø> (+0.16%)	⬆️

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[HuongNV13]

Thanks, Andrew

It looks good to me.