[CODE HEALTH] clang-tidy reports bugprone-exception-escape warnings in API

[dbarker]

clang-tidy reports the following warnings in the API. These methods are all marked noexcept and will result in std::terminate being called if an exception is thrown.

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opentelemetry-cpp/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h (4 warnings)

Line	Check	Message
55	bugprone-exception-escape	an exception may be thrown in function 'FromHeader' which should not throw exceptions
118	bugprone-exception-escape	an exception may be thrown in function 'Get' which should not throw exceptions
138	bugprone-exception-escape	an exception may be thrown in function 'Set' which should not throw exceptions
172	bugprone-exception-escape	an exception may be thrown in function 'Delete' which should not throw exceptions

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