Support Python version selection and privileged test execution

[alexadereyko]

Brief

Adds finer matrix control via include-jobs, per-job Python version selection, privileged test execution, CMake cache variables passthrough, and Intel oneAPI / Windows Clang Ninja jobs. Replaces pip install cmake ninja with dedicated
GitHub Actions.

Description

• Add include-jobs input to explicitly include matrix jobs by wildcard pattern (applied before exclude-jobs)
• Add use-python-version field to packages input for selecting Python version per job; the workflow installs the requested interpreter and uses it for pip install
• Add run-tests-priv field to cmake-presets input for running ctest with sudo (e.g. for tests that require privileged ports on macOS)
• Add cache-variables field to cmake-presets input for passing extra CMake cache variables per job
• Set up CMake via jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake and Ninja via seanmiddleditch/gha-setup-ninja instead of pip install
• Add Clang and Intel oneAPI jobs on windows-2022, Intel oneAPI job on ubuntu-24.04
• Switch gcc-7 job on ubuntu-20.04 from x86_64 to x86 (cross-compile to 32-bit)
• Limit per-thread stack to 4MB in the 32-bit ubuntu container to avoid pthread_create EAGAIN