Skip to content

Update introduction.md #2563

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

Merged
psonnera merged 7 commits into from
Apr 18, 2026
+16 −16
Merged

Update introduction.md #2563

Changes from all commits
Commits
Show all changes
7 commits
Select commit Hold shift + click to select a range
45a202d
Update comparison of closed loop systems
tmhastings Apr 16, 2026
cd0f022
Update links and availability for compatible pumps
tmhastings Apr 16, 2026
9158c0a
Add Trio to DIY systems list in Introduction.md
tmhastings Apr 16, 2026
8a9c147
Revise terminology for DIY systems to OS-AID systems
tmhastings Apr 16, 2026
ca45f41
Modify availability status for Dana R pump
tmhastings Apr 17, 2026
e4c6486
Update Eversense availability status for Loop
tmhastings Apr 17, 2026
bb11e57
Add Stelo to chart
tmhastings Apr 17, 2026
File filter

Filter by extension

Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
32 changes: 16 additions & 16 deletions docs/EN/Getting-Started/Introduction.md
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ The best solution for type 1 diabetes would be a “functional cure” (probably

## How and why did looping start?

The development of commercial technology for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is very slow. In 2013 the T1D community founded the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. They developed systems themselves using existing approved technology (insulin pumps and sensors) to improve blood glucose control, safety, and quality of life. These are known as DIY (do-it-yourself) systems, because they are not formally approved by health bodies (FDA, NHS etc). There are four main DIY systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [iAPS]( https://github.com/Artificial-Pancreas/iAPS?fbclid=IwAR2fA9Y9YqYzpKSrtEsotfXl5b67UclDkKgyrv52tQLzYbOoBeNGRmjlJJI).
The development of commercial technology for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is very slow. In 2013 the T1D community founded the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. They developed systems themselves using existing approved technology (insulin pumps and sensors) to improve blood glucose control, safety, and quality of life. These are known as OS-AID (Open-Source Automated Insulin Dosing) systems (formerly DIY systems), because they are not formally approved by health bodies (FDA, NHS etc). There are four main DIY systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [Trio](https://triodocs.org).

A great way to understand the fundamentals of DIY looping is to read Dana Lewis’s book “Automated Insulin Delivery”. You can access it [here](https://www.artificialpancreasbook.com/) for free (or buy a hardcopy of the book). If you want to understand more about [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), which **AAPS** has developed from, the [OpenAPS website](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/) is a great resource.

Several commercial hybrid closed loop systems have been launched, the most recent of which are [CamAPS FX](https://camdiab.com/) (UK and EU) and [Omnipod 5](https://www.omnipod.com/en-gb/what-is-omnipod/omnipod-5) (USA and EU). These are very different to DIY systems, mainly because they both include a “learning algorithm” which adjusts how much insulin is delivered according to your insulin needs from previous days. Many people in the DIY community have already tried out these commercial systems and compared them with their DIY system. You can find out more about how the different systems compare by asking on the dedicated Facebook groups for these systems, on the [AAPS Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/AndroidAPSUsers/) or on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/4fQUWHZ4Mw).
Several commercial hybrid closed loop systems have been launched, the most recent of which are [CamAPS FX](https://camdiab.com/) (UK and EU) and [Omnipod 5](https://www.omnipod.com/en-gb/what-is-omnipod/omnipod-5) (USA and EU). These are very different to OS-AID systems, mainly because they both include a “learning algorithm” which adjusts how much insulin is delivered according to your insulin needs from previous days. Many people in the OS-AID community have already tried out these commercial systems and compared them with their OS-AID system. You can find out more about how the different systems compare by asking on the dedicated Facebook groups for these systems, on the [AAPS Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/AndroidAPSUsers/) or on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/4fQUWHZ4Mw).

## What is Android APS (AAPS)?

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -118,42 +118,42 @@ Multiple daily injections (MDI, (a) in **Figure 2** below) usually involve givin

## How does AAPS compare to other looping systems?

As of June 25 2023, there are four major open source closed loop systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.readthedocs.io/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [iAPS](https://github.com/Artificial-Pancreas/iAPS?fbclid=IwAR2fA9Y9YqYzpKSrtEsotfXl5b67UclDkKgyrv52tQLzYbOoBeNGRmjlJJI), (formerly FreeAPS X). The features of the different systems are shown in the table below:
As of June 25 2023, there are four major open source closed loop systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.readthedocs.io/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [Trio](https://triodocs.org), (formerly FreeAPS X). The features of the different systems are shown in the table below:


| Devicestype | Name | [AAPS](https://wiki.aaps.app) | [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/) | [Open APS](https://openaps.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) | [iAPS](https://iaps.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) |
| Devicestype | Name | [AAPS](https://wiki.aaps.app) | [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/) | [Open APS](https://openaps.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) | [Trio](https://triodocs.org) |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Phone | Android | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| Phone | iPhone | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| Rig | tiny computer (1) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Dana I](../CompatiblePumps/DanaRS-Insulin-Pump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Dana RS](../CompatiblePumps/DanaRS-Insulin-Pump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Dana I](../CompatiblePumps/DanaRS-Insulin-Pump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Dana RS](../CompatiblePumps/DanaRS-Insulin-Pump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Dana R](../CompatiblePumps/DanaR-Insulin-Pump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Omnipod (Dash)](../CompatiblePumps/OmnipodDASH.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Omnipod (Eros)](../CompatiblePumps/OmnipodEros.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Diaconn G8](../CompatiblePumps/DiaconnG8.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [EOPatch 2](../CompatiblePumps/EOPatch2.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Medtrum TouchCare Nano](../CompatiblePumps/MedtrumNano.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Medtrum TouchCare 300U](../CompatiblePumps/MedtrumNano.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Medtrum TouchCare Nano](../CompatiblePumps/MedtrumNano.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Medtrum TouchCare 300U](../CompatiblePumps/MedtrumNano.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Roche Combo](../CompatiblePumps/Accu-Chek-Combo-Pump-v2.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Roche Insight](../CompatiblePumps/Accu-Chek-Insight-Pump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| PUMP | [Older Medtronic](../CompatiblePumps/MedtronicPump.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| PUMP | [Equil 5.3](../CompatiblePumps/Equil5.3.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| CGM | [Dexcom G7/One+](../CompatibleCgms/DexcomG7.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Dexcom G7/One+/Stelo](../CompatibleCgms/DexcomG7.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Dexcom One](../CompatibleCgms/DexcomG6.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Dexcom G6](../CompatibleCgms/DexcomG6.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Libre 3/3+](../CompatibleCgms/Libre3.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| CGM | [Libre 2/2+](../CompatibleCgms/Libre2.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Libre 1](../CompatibleCgms/Libre1.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Eversense](../CompatibleCgms/Eversense.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [MM640g/MM630g](../CompatibleCgms/MM640g.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [PocTech](../CompatibleCgms/PocTech.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Libre 3/3+](../CompatibleCgms/Libre3.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Libre 2/2+](../CompatibleCgms/Libre2.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Libre 1](../CompatibleCgms/Libre1.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [Eversense](../CompatibleCgms/Eversense.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |
| CGM | [MM640g/MM630g](../CompatibleCgms/MM640g.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| CGM | [PocTech](../CompatibleCgms/PocTech.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| CGM | [Ottai](../CompatibleCgms/OttaiM8.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| CGM | [Syai Tag](../CompatibleCgms/SyaiTagX1.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) | ![unavailable](../images/unavailable.png) |
| CGM | [Nightscout as BG Source](../CompatibleCgms/CgmNightscoutUpload.md) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) | ![available](../images/available.png) |

_Table notes:_
1. A **rig** is a small computer which you carry around with you, without a monitor. One supported device type is Intel Edison + Explorer Board and the other Raspberry Pi + Explorer HAT or Adafruit RFM69HCW Bonnet. The first APS were based on this setup, as mobile phones were not capable of running the required algorithms. Use of these systems has declined, as the setup on mobile phones has become easier, and phones have a display included. Intel has also stopped selling the Intel Edison. The excellent OpenAPS algorithms **oref0** and **oref1** are now incorporated in AAPS and iAPS.
1. A **rig** is a small computer which you carry around with you, without a monitor. One supported device type is Intel Edison + Explorer Board and the other Raspberry Pi + Explorer HAT or Adafruit RFM69HCW Bonnet. The first APS were based on this setup, as mobile phones were not capable of running the required algorithms. Use of these systems has declined, as the setup on mobile phones has become easier, and phones have a display included. Intel has also stopped selling the Intel Edison. The excellent OpenAPS algorithms **oref0** and **oref1** are now incorporated in AAPS and Trio.


An international peer-reviewed consensus statement containing practical guidance on open source looping was written by and for health-care professionals, and published in a leading medical journal in 2022: [_Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol_, 2022; 10: 58–74](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720075/)(_1_). It is well worth a read (including for your diabetes clinic) and summarises the main technical differences between the different open-source hybrid closed loop systems.
Expand Down
Loading