School Management System

A console-based School Management System built with Python using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). This project demonstrates clean class design, modular file structure, JSON-based data persistence, CRUD operations, attendance tracking, marks and report card generation, input validation, and exception handling — managing student records through dedicated classes.

Features

• Add a new student (Student ID, Name, Grade, Age, and Date of Birth)
• View all students (filter by all classes or a specific grade)
• Search students by Student ID, Name, or Grade
• Update student details
• Delete a student
• Auto-assign Student IDs
• Attendance Calendar View (monthly, Present/Absent/Leave tracking)
• Marks & Report Card generation
• Export Report Card as a .txt file, organized into per-grade folders
• Validate user input
• Persistent storage using JSON
• Automatically reload saved student and attendance records on startup
• Clean Object-Oriented design using separate Student, StudentManager, and SchoolUI classes

Technologies Used

• Python 3
• JSON

Concepts Covered

Python Fundamentals

• Functions
• Loops (for, while)
• Conditional Statements
• Exception Handling
• User Input
• Data Validation
• CRUD Operations
• String Methods (strip(), lower(), replace())
• File Handling with JSON (json.load(), json.dump())
• os.path.exists(), os.makedirs()
• Working with the calendar module (monthcalendar(), month_name)
• Modules & Packages (multi-file project structure)

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Classes & Objects
• Constructors (__init__)
• Instance Methods
• Class Methods (@classmethod)
• Encapsulation
• Object Serialization (to_dict() / from_dict())
• Composition (SchoolUI uses StudentManager, which manages Student objects)

Project Structure

School-Management-System/
│
├── src/
│   ├── models.py       # Student class - data model, serialization, report card generation
│   ├── manager.py       # StudentManager class - CRUD, persistence, attendance logic
│   └── UI.py            # SchoolUI class - menu-driven user interaction
├── data/
│   ├── students.json          # Auto-created, stores student records
│   └── attendance_<year>.json # Auto-created, stores yearly attendance records
├── reports/                   # Auto-created, stores exported report card .txt files by grade
├── main.py                    # Entry point
├── .gitignore
└── README.md

Note: data/students.json and data/attendance_<year>.json are automatically created when the program runs. They store runtime data locally and are excluded from the repository via .gitignore. The reports/ folder is similarly auto-generated when report cards are exported.

How to Run

1. Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/osaid400/School-Management-System.git

2. Navigate to the project folder:

cd School-Management-System

3. Run the program:

python main.py

Example Output

Main Menu

============ Welcome to School Management System ============

=============== Select the Option (0-8) ===============
1. Add Student
2. View All Students
3. Search Student (ID / Name / Grade)
4. Update Student
5. Delete Student
6. Attendance Calendar View
7. Marks & Report Card
8. Export Report Card (.txt)
0. Exit

Searching a Student

Search by 'ID', 'Name', or 'Grade': id

Enter the Student ID: 1

=========================== Grade 9th =========================
Student ID      Student Name         Age        Date of Birth
================================================================
1               Ali                  15         12-03-2010
================================================================

Adding a Student

Enter the student name: Ali
Enter the student Grade/Class: 9th
Enter the student age: 15
Enter Date of Birth (DD-MM-YYYY): 12-03-2010

Student Added Successfully! Auto-assigned ID: 1

Viewing All Students

View Options: 1. All Classes  2. Specific Class
Enter option: 1

=========================== Grade 9th =========================
Student ID      Student Name         Age        Date of Birth
================================================================
1               Ali                  15         12-03-2010
2               Sara                 14         05-07-2011
================================================================

=========================== Grade 10th ========================
Student ID      Student Name         Age        Date of Birth
================================================================
3               Bilal                16         21-01-2010
================================================================

Updating a Student

Enter the Student ID to update: 1
--------------------------------------------------
Current -> ID: 1, Name: Ali, Grade: 9th
--------------------------------------------------
Do you want to update this student? (y/n): y
Enter new name (leave blank to keep current): 
Enter new Grade (leave blank to keep current): 10th
Enter new age (leave blank to keep current): 
Enter new Date of Birth (leave blank to keep current): 

Student Updated Successfully!

Deleting a Student

Enter the Student ID to delete: 2
ID: 2 | Name: Sara | Grade: 9th
Are you sure you want to delete Sara? (y/n): y
------------------------------------------------------------
Student 'Sara' Deleted Successfully!
------------------------------------------------------------

Attendance Calendar View

Enter Student ID for Attendance: 1
Enter Month number (1 for Jan, 2 for Feb, ..., 12 for December): 3

=================================== MARCH 2026 ===================================
Student: Ali (ID: 1)           (P = Present, A = Absent, L = Leave)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mon         Tues      Wed       Thurs     Fri        Sat       Sun       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          1 P        2 P       3 -       
4 P         5 P       6 A       7 P       8 P        9 -       10 -      
11 P        12 L      13 P      14 P      15 P       16 -      17 -      
18 P        19 P      20 P      21 A      22 P       23 -      24 -      
25 P        26 P      27 P      28 P      29 P       30 -      31 -      
==================================================================================

----------------- Monthly Attendance Summary -----------------
Total Days Opened: 22
Present: 19 | Absent: 2 | Leave: 1
=================================================================

Marks & Report Card

Enter Student ID: 1

=================================================================
                     REPORT CARD: ALI
=================================================================
Student ID : 1
Grade/Class: 9th
Date of Birth: 12-03-2010
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|   Subject       Obtained Marks   Total Marks   Grade   Remarks
  - Math           85               100           A+      Good
  - Science        78               100           A       Good
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total Marks: 163/200
Percentage : 81.50%
Overall Grade: A+
=================================================================

Exporting a Report Card

Enter Student ID: 1

[Success] Report Card saved at: reports/9th/ali_1_result.txt

How Data Persistence Works

• When the application starts, StudentManager checks whether data/students.json exists.
• If the file exists, all student records are loaded and converted into Student objects using from_dict().
• If the file does not exist, an empty student list is created.
• Whenever a student is added, updated, or deleted, all Student objects are converted into dictionaries using to_dict() and saved back to data/students.json.
• Attendance data is stored separately, per year, in data/attendance_<year>.json, and loaded/saved on demand when marking or viewing attendance.
• This ensures that student, marks, and attendance records remain available even after closing and reopening the application.

Future Improvements

• Prevent duplicate Student IDs on manual entry
• Sort students by Grade or Age
• Export full class list to CSV, not just individual report cards
• Confirmation prompt before overwriting an existing exported report card
• Track attendance trends across multiple months
• Store student records using SQLite
• Build a GUI version using Tkinter
• Add unit tests for StudentManager methods

Learning Outcomes

This project helped me practice:

• Designing applications using Object-Oriented Programming
• Creating reusable classes and objects across multiple files (modules/packages)
• Applying Composition between classes
• Performing CRUD operations
• Managing persistent data using JSON across multiple data files
• Building scalable, menu-driven applications
• Implementing calendar-based attendance tracking
• Generating and exporting formatted report cards to text files
• Handling exceptions and validating user input
• Writing clean, maintainable, and modular Python code

Author

Muhammad Abdullah Farooq

GitHub: https://github.com/osaid400