Removes psalm as dev dependency and use it as a phar

[micheleorselli]

Another step to support php 8.4. To avoid being forced to bump several dependencies to make psalm happy I moved it as a phar and took the chance to update it to the latest version. In order to fix the new errors I tweaked the code here and there. After this one is merged we can try adding php 8.4 in the build matrix to see what happens

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.15%. Comparing base (d4a6463) to head (9b42d43).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##               main     #450   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     94.15%   94.15%           
  Complexity      588      588           
=========================================
  Files            69       69           
  Lines          1590     1590           
=========================================
  Hits           1497     1497           
  Misses           93       93           

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[szepeviktor]

@micheleorselli You can use both shivammathur/setup-php and PHIVE to get those tools as PHAR files.
No need to store (and update?) them in the repository.