pingcap · CharLotteiu · Feb 1, 2021 · Feb 1, 2021
diff --git a/expression-syntax.md b/expression-syntax.md
@@ -20,18 +20,32 @@ The expressions can be divided into the following types:
 
 The following rules are the expression syntax, which is based on the [parser.y](https://github.com/pingcap/parser/blob/master/parser.y) rules of TiDB parser. For the navigable version of the following syntax diagram, refer to [TiDB SQL Syntax Diagram](https://pingcap.github.io/sqlgram/#Expression).
 
-**Expression:**
-
-![Expression](/media/sqlgram/Expression.png)
-
-**PredicateExpr:**
-
-![PredicateExpr](/media/sqlgram/PredicateExpr.png)
-
-**BitExpr:**
-
-![BitExpr](/media/sqlgram/BitExpr.png)
-
-**SimpleExpr:**
-
-![SimpleExpr](/media/sqlgram/SimpleExpr.png)
+```ebnf+diagram
+Expression ::=
+    ( singleAtIdentifier assignmentEq | 'NOT' | Expression ( logOr | 'XOR' | logAnd ) ) Expression
+|   'MATCH' '(' ColumnNameList ')' 'AGAINST' '(' BitExpr FulltextSearchModifierOpt ')'
+|   PredicateExpr ( IsOrNotOp 'NULL' | CompareOp ( ( singleAtIdentifier assignmentEq )? PredicateExpr | AnyOrAll SubSelect ) )* ( IsOrNotOp ( trueKwd | falseKwd | 'UNKNOWN' ) )?
+
+PredicateExpr ::=
+    BitExpr ( BetweenOrNotOp BitExpr 'AND' BitExpr )* ( InOrNotOp ( '(' ExpressionList ')' | SubSelect ) | LikeOrNotOp SimpleExpr LikeEscapeOpt | RegexpOrNotOp SimpleExpr )?
+
+BitExpr ::=
+    BitExpr ( ( '|' | '&' | '<<' | '>>' | '*' | '/' | '%' | 'DIV' | 'MOD' | '^' ) BitExpr | ( '+' | '-' ) ( BitExpr | "INTERVAL" Expression TimeUnit ) )
+|   SimpleExpr
+
+SimpleExpr ::=
+    SimpleIdent ( ( '->' | '->>' ) stringLit )?
+|   FunctionCallKeyword
+|   FunctionCallNonKeyword
+|   FunctionCallGeneric
+|   SimpleExpr ( 'COLLATE' CollationName | pipes SimpleExpr )
+|   WindowFuncCall
+|   Literal
+|   paramMarker
+|   Variable
+|   SumExpr
+|   ( '!' | '~' | '-' | '+' | 'NOT' | 'BINARY' ) SimpleExpr
+|   'EXISTS'? SubSelect
+|   ( ( '(' ( ExpressionList ',' )? | 'ROW' '(' ExpressionList ',' ) Expression | builtinCast '(' Expression 'AS' CastType | ( 'DEFAULT' | 'VALUES' ) '(' SimpleIdent | 'CONVERT' '(' Expression ( ',' CastType | 'USING' CharsetName ) ) ')'
+|   'CASE' ExpressionOpt WhenClause+ ElseOpt 'END'
+```
diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-add-column.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-add-column.md
@@ -10,21 +10,39 @@ The `ALTER TABLE.. ADD COLUMN` statement adds a column to an existing table. Thi
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AlterTableStmt:**
-
-![AlterTableStmt](/media/sqlgram/AlterTableStmt.png)
-
-**AlterTableSpec:**
-
-![AlterTableSpec](/media/sqlgram/AlterTableSpec.png)
-
-**ColumnDef:**
-
-![ColumnDef](/media/sqlgram/ColumnDef.png)
-
-**ColumnPosition:**
-
-![ColumnPosition](/media/sqlgram/ColumnPosition.png)
+```ebnf+diagram
+AlterTableStmt ::=
+    'ALTER' IgnoreOptional 'TABLE' TableName ( AlterTableSpecListOpt AlterTablePartitionOpt | 'ANALYZE' 'PARTITION' PartitionNameList ( 'INDEX' IndexNameList )? AnalyzeOptionListOpt )
+
+AlterTableSpec ::=
+    TableOptionList
+|   'SET' 'TIFLASH' 'REPLICA' LengthNum LocationLabelList
+|   'CONVERT' 'TO' CharsetKw ( CharsetName | 'DEFAULT' ) OptCollate
+|   'ADD' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfNotExists ( ColumnDef ColumnPosition | '(' TableElementList ')' ) | Constraint | 'PARTITION' IfNotExists NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ( PartitionDefinitionListOpt | 'PARTITIONS' NUM ) )
+|   ( ( 'CHECK' | 'TRUNCATE' ) 'PARTITION' | ( 'OPTIMIZE' | 'REPAIR' | 'REBUILD' ) 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ) AllOrPartitionNameList
+|   'COALESCE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt NUM
+|   'DROP' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName RestrictOrCascadeOpt | 'PRIMARY' 'KEY' | 'PARTITION' IfExists PartitionNameList | ( KeyOrIndex IfExists | 'CHECK' ) Identifier | 'FOREIGN' 'KEY' IfExists Symbol )
+|   'EXCHANGE' 'PARTITION' Identifier 'WITH' 'TABLE' TableName WithValidationOpt
+|   ( 'IMPORT' | 'DISCARD' ) ( 'PARTITION' AllOrPartitionNameList )? 'TABLESPACE'
+|   'REORGANIZE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ReorganizePartitionRuleOpt
+|   'ORDER' 'BY' AlterOrderItem ( ',' AlterOrderItem )*
+|   ( 'DISABLE' | 'ENABLE' ) 'KEYS'
+|   ( 'MODIFY' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists | 'CHANGE' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName ) ColumnDef ColumnPosition
+|   'ALTER' ( ColumnKeywordOpt ColumnName ( 'SET' 'DEFAULT' ( SignedLiteral | '(' Expression ')' ) | 'DROP' 'DEFAULT' ) | 'CHECK' Identifier EnforcedOrNot | 'INDEX' Identifier IndexInvisible )
+|   'RENAME' ( ( 'COLUMN' | KeyOrIndex ) Identifier 'TO' Identifier | ( 'TO' | '='? | 'AS' ) TableName )
+|   LockClause
+|   AlgorithmClause
+|   'FORCE'
+|   ( 'WITH' | 'WITHOUT' ) 'VALIDATION'
+|   'SECONDARY_LOAD'
+|   'SECONDARY_UNLOAD'
+
+ColumnDef ::=
+    ColumnName ( Type | 'SERIAL' ) ColumnOptionListOpt
+
+ColumnPosition ::=
+    ( 'FIRST' | 'AFTER' ColumnName )?
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-add-index.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-add-index.md
@@ -10,61 +10,80 @@ The `ALTER TABLE.. ADD INDEX` statement adds an index to an existing table. This
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AlterTableStmt:**
-
-![AlterTableStmt](/media/sqlgram/AlterTableStmt.png)
-
-**AlterTableSpec:**
-
-![AlterTableSpec](/media/sqlgram/AlterTableSpec.png)
-
-**Constraint:**
-
-![Constraint](/media/sqlgram/Constraint.png)
-
-**ConstraintKeywordOpt:**
-
-![ConstraintKeywordOpt](/media/sqlgram/ConstraintKeywordOpt.png)
-
-**ConstraintElem:**
-
-![ConstraintElem](/media/sqlgram/ConstraintElem.png)
-
-**IndexNameAndTypeOpt:**
-
-![IndexNameAndTypeOpt](/media/sqlgram/IndexNameAndTypeOpt.png)
-
-**IndexPartSpecificationList:**
-
-![IndexPartSpecificationList](/media/sqlgram/IndexPartSpecificationList.png)
-
-**IndexPartSpecification:**
-
-![IndexPartSpecification](/media/sqlgram/IndexPartSpecification.png)
-
-**IndexOptionList:**
-
-![IndexOptionList](/media/sqlgram/IndexOptionList.png)
-
-**IndexOption:**
-
-![IndexOption](/media/sqlgram/IndexOption.png)
-
-**KeyOrIndex:**
-
-![KeyOrIndex](/media/sqlgram/KeyOrIndex.png)
-
-**IndexKeyTypeOpt:**
-
-![IndexKeyTypeOpt](/media/sqlgram/IndexKeyTypeOpt.png)
-
-**IndexInvisible:**
-
-![IndexInvisible](/media/sqlgram/IndexInvisible.png)
-
-**IndexTypeName:**
-
-![IndexTypeName](/media/sqlgram/IndexTypeName.png)
+```ebnf+diagram
+AlterTableStmt ::=
+    'ALTER' IgnoreOptional 'TABLE' TableName ( AlterTableSpecListOpt AlterTablePartitionOpt | 'ANALYZE' 'PARTITION' PartitionNameList ( 'INDEX' IndexNameList )? AnalyzeOptionListOpt )
+
+AlterTableSpec ::=
+    TableOptionList
+|   'SET' 'TIFLASH' 'REPLICA' LengthNum LocationLabelList
+|   'CONVERT' 'TO' CharsetKw ( CharsetName | 'DEFAULT' ) OptCollate
+|   'ADD' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfNotExists ( ColumnDef ColumnPosition | '(' TableElementList ')' ) | Constraint | 'PARTITION' IfNotExists NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ( PartitionDefinitionListOpt | 'PARTITIONS' NUM ) )
+|   ( ( 'CHECK' | 'TRUNCATE' ) 'PARTITION' | ( 'OPTIMIZE' | 'REPAIR' | 'REBUILD' ) 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ) AllOrPartitionNameList
+|   'COALESCE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt NUM
+|   'DROP' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName RestrictOrCascadeOpt | 'PRIMARY' 'KEY' | 'PARTITION' IfExists PartitionNameList | ( KeyOrIndex IfExists | 'CHECK' ) Identifier | 'FOREIGN' 'KEY' IfExists Symbol )
+|   'EXCHANGE' 'PARTITION' Identifier 'WITH' 'TABLE' TableName WithValidationOpt
+|   ( 'IMPORT' | 'DISCARD' ) ( 'PARTITION' AllOrPartitionNameList )? 'TABLESPACE'
+|   'REORGANIZE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ReorganizePartitionRuleOpt
+|   'ORDER' 'BY' AlterOrderItem ( ',' AlterOrderItem )*
+|   ( 'DISABLE' | 'ENABLE' ) 'KEYS'
+|   ( 'MODIFY' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists | 'CHANGE' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName ) ColumnDef ColumnPosition
+|   'ALTER' ( ColumnKeywordOpt ColumnName ( 'SET' 'DEFAULT' ( SignedLiteral | '(' Expression ')' ) | 'DROP' 'DEFAULT' ) | 'CHECK' Identifier EnforcedOrNot | 'INDEX' Identifier IndexInvisible )
+|   'RENAME' ( ( 'COLUMN' | KeyOrIndex ) Identifier 'TO' Identifier | ( 'TO' | '='? | 'AS' ) TableName )
+|   LockClause
+|   AlgorithmClause
+|   'FORCE'
+|   ( 'WITH' | 'WITHOUT' ) 'VALIDATION'
+|   'SECONDARY_LOAD'
+|   'SECONDARY_UNLOAD'
+
+Constraint ::=
+    ConstraintKeywordOpt ConstraintElem
+
+ConstraintKeywordOpt ::=
+    ( 'CONSTRAINT' Symbol? )?
+
+ConstraintElem ::=
+    ( ( 'PRIMARY' 'KEY' | KeyOrIndex IfNotExists | 'UNIQUE' KeyOrIndexOpt ) IndexNameAndTypeOpt | 'FULLTEXT' KeyOrIndexOpt IndexName ) '(' IndexPartSpecificationList ')' IndexOptionList
+|   'FOREIGN' 'KEY' IfNotExists IndexName '(' IndexPartSpecificationList ')' ReferDef
+|   'CHECK' '(' Expression ')' EnforcedOrNotOpt
+
+IndexNameAndTypeOpt ::=
+    IndexName ( 'USING' IndexTypeName )?
+|   Identifier 'TYPE' IndexTypeName
+
+IndexPartSpecificationList ::=
+    IndexPartSpecification ( ',' IndexPartSpecification )*
+
+IndexPartSpecification ::=
+    ( ColumnName OptFieldLen | '(' Expression ')' ) Order
+
+IndexOptionList ::=
+    IndexOption*
+
+IndexOption ::=
+    'KEY_BLOCK_SIZE' '='? LengthNum
+|   IndexType
+|   'WITH' 'PARSER' Identifier
+|   'COMMENT' stringLit
+|   IndexInvisible
+
+KeyOrIndex ::=
+    'KEY'
+|   'INDEX'
+
+IndexKeyTypeOpt ::=
+    ( 'UNIQUE' | 'SPATIAL' | 'FULLTEXT' )?
+
+IndexInvisible ::=
+    'VISIBLE'
+|   'INVISIBLE'
+
+IndexTypeName ::=
+    'BTREE'
+|   'HASH'
+|   'RTREE'
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-cancel-ddl.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-cancel-ddl.md
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ The `ADMIN CANCEL DDL` statement allows you to cancel a running DDL job. The `jo
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AdminStmt:**
+```ebnf+diagram
+AdminStmt ::=
+    'ADMIN' ( 'SHOW' ( 'DDL' ( 'JOBS' Int64Num? WhereClauseOptional | 'JOB' 'QUERIES' NumList )? | TableName 'NEXT_ROW_ID' | 'SLOW' AdminShowSlow ) | 'CHECK' ( 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'INDEX' TableName Identifier ( HandleRange ( ',' HandleRange )* )? ) | 'RECOVER' 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'CLEANUP' ( 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'TABLE' 'LOCK' TableNameList ) | 'CHECKSUM' 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'CANCEL' 'DDL' 'JOBS' NumList | 'RELOAD' ( 'EXPR_PUSHDOWN_BLACKLIST' | 'OPT_RULE_BLACKLIST' | 'BINDINGS' ) | 'PLUGINS' ( 'ENABLE' | 'DISABLE' ) PluginNameList | 'REPAIR' 'TABLE' TableName CreateTableStmt | ( 'FLUSH' | 'CAPTURE' | 'EVOLVE' ) 'BINDINGS' )
 
-![AdminStmt](/media/sqlgram/AdminStmt.png)
-
-**NumList:**
-
-![NumList](/media/sqlgram/NumList.png)
+NumList ::=
+    Int64Num ( ',' Int64Num )*
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-check-table-index.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-check-table-index.md
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ The `ADMIN CHECK [TABLE|INDEX]` statement checks for data consistency of tables
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AdminStmt:**
+```ebnf+diagram
+AdminStmt ::=
+    'ADMIN' ( 'SHOW' ( 'DDL' ( 'JOBS' Int64Num? WhereClauseOptional | 'JOB' 'QUERIES' NumList )? | TableName 'NEXT_ROW_ID' | 'SLOW' AdminShowSlow ) | 'CHECK' ( 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'INDEX' TableName Identifier ( HandleRange ( ',' HandleRange )* )? ) | 'RECOVER' 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'CLEANUP' ( 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'TABLE' 'LOCK' TableNameList ) | 'CHECKSUM' 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'CANCEL' 'DDL' 'JOBS' NumList | 'RELOAD' ( 'EXPR_PUSHDOWN_BLACKLIST' | 'OPT_RULE_BLACKLIST' | 'BINDINGS' ) | 'PLUGINS' ( 'ENABLE' | 'DISABLE' ) PluginNameList | 'REPAIR' 'TABLE' TableName CreateTableStmt | ( 'FLUSH' | 'CAPTURE' | 'EVOLVE' ) 'BINDINGS' )
 
-![AdminStmt](/media/sqlgram/AdminStmt.png)
-
-**TableNameList:**
-
-![TableNameList](/media/sqlgram/TableNameList.png)
+TableNameList ::=
+    TableName ( ',' TableName )*
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-checksum-table.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-checksum-table.md
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ The `ADMIN CHECKSUM TABLE` statement calculates a CRC64 checksum for the data an
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AdminStmt:**
+```ebnf+diagram
+AdminStmt ::=
+    'ADMIN' ( 'SHOW' ( 'DDL' ( 'JOBS' Int64Num? WhereClauseOptional | 'JOB' 'QUERIES' NumList )? | TableName 'NEXT_ROW_ID' | 'SLOW' AdminShowSlow ) | 'CHECK' ( 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'INDEX' TableName Identifier ( HandleRange ( ',' HandleRange )* )? ) | 'RECOVER' 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'CLEANUP' ( 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'TABLE' 'LOCK' TableNameList ) | 'CHECKSUM' 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'CANCEL' 'DDL' 'JOBS' NumList | 'RELOAD' ( 'EXPR_PUSHDOWN_BLACKLIST' | 'OPT_RULE_BLACKLIST' | 'BINDINGS' ) | 'PLUGINS' ( 'ENABLE' | 'DISABLE' ) PluginNameList | 'REPAIR' 'TABLE' TableName CreateTableStmt | ( 'FLUSH' | 'CAPTURE' | 'EVOLVE' ) 'BINDINGS' )
 
-![AdminStmt](/media/sqlgram/AdminStmt.png)
-
-**TableNameList:**
-
-![TableNameList](/media/sqlgram/TableNameList.png)
+TableNameList ::=
+    TableName ( ',' TableName )*
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-show-ddl.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin-show-ddl.md
@@ -9,17 +9,16 @@ The `ADMIN SHOW DDL [JOBS|QUERIES]` statement shows information about running an
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AdminStmt:**
+```ebnf+diagram
+AdminStmt ::=
+    'ADMIN' ( 'SHOW' ( 'DDL' ( 'JOBS' Int64Num? WhereClauseOptional | 'JOB' 'QUERIES' NumList )? | TableName 'NEXT_ROW_ID' | 'SLOW' AdminShowSlow ) | 'CHECK' ( 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'INDEX' TableName Identifier ( HandleRange ( ',' HandleRange )* )? ) | 'RECOVER' 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'CLEANUP' ( 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'TABLE' 'LOCK' TableNameList ) | 'CHECKSUM' 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'CANCEL' 'DDL' 'JOBS' NumList | 'RELOAD' ( 'EXPR_PUSHDOWN_BLACKLIST' | 'OPT_RULE_BLACKLIST' | 'BINDINGS' ) | 'PLUGINS' ( 'ENABLE' | 'DISABLE' ) PluginNameList | 'REPAIR' 'TABLE' TableName CreateTableStmt | ( 'FLUSH' | 'CAPTURE' | 'EVOLVE' ) 'BINDINGS' )
 
-![AdminStmt](/media/sqlgram/AdminStmt.png)
+NumList ::=
+    Int64Num ( ',' Int64Num )*
 
-**NumList:**
-
-![NumList](/media/sqlgram/NumList.png)
-
-**WhereClauseOptional:**
-
-![WhereClauseOptional](/media/sqlgram/WhereClauseOptional.png)
+WhereClauseOptional ::=
+    WhereClause?
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-admin.md
@@ -117,9 +117,10 @@ For details, refer to [admin show slow statement](/identify-slow-queries.md#admi
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AdminStmt:**
-
-![AdminStmt](/media/sqlgram/AdminStmt.png)
+```ebnf+diagram
+AdminStmt ::=
+    'ADMIN' ( 'SHOW' ( 'DDL' ( 'JOBS' Int64Num? WhereClauseOptional | 'JOB' 'QUERIES' NumList )? | TableName 'NEXT_ROW_ID' | 'SLOW' AdminShowSlow ) | 'CHECK' ( 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'INDEX' TableName Identifier ( HandleRange ( ',' HandleRange )* )? ) | 'RECOVER' 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'CLEANUP' ( 'INDEX' TableName Identifier | 'TABLE' 'LOCK' TableNameList ) | 'CHECKSUM' 'TABLE' TableNameList | 'CANCEL' 'DDL' 'JOBS' NumList | 'RELOAD' ( 'EXPR_PUSHDOWN_BLACKLIST' | 'OPT_RULE_BLACKLIST' | 'BINDINGS' ) | 'PLUGINS' ( 'ENABLE' | 'DISABLE' ) PluginNameList | 'REPAIR' 'TABLE' TableName CreateTableStmt | ( 'FLUSH' | 'CAPTURE' | 'EVOLVE' ) 'BINDINGS' )
+```
 
 ## Examples
 

diff --git a/sql-statements/sql-statement-alter-database.md b/sql-statements/sql-statement-alter-database.md
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ aliases: ['/docs/stable/sql-statements/sql-statement-alter-database/','/docs/v4.
 
 ## Synopsis
 
-**AlterDatabaseStmt:**
+```ebnf+diagram
+AlterDatabaseStmt ::=
+    'ALTER' 'DATABASE' DBName? DatabaseOptionList
 
-![AlterDatabaseStmt](/media/sqlgram/AlterDatabaseStmt.png)
-
-**DatabaseOption:**
-
-![DatabaseOption](/media/sqlgram/DatabaseOption.png)
+DatabaseOption ::=
+    DefaultKwdOpt ( CharsetKw '='? CharsetName | 'COLLATE' '='? CollationName | 'ENCRYPTION' '='? EncryptionOpt )
+```
 
 ## Examples