Refactor DomainDecomposer class and add new functionality to decompose the macro-scale coordinates

[IshaanDesai]

Apart from general refactoring of the DomainDecomposer class, this PR also adds the following:

• A new non-uniform domain decomposition variant based on geometric progression is intended to address asymmetrical loaded scenarios such as the two-scale heat conduction.
• There is a corresponding new optional configuration parameter, decomposition_type, which can be either uniform or nonuniform.
• Additionally, a new optional configuration parameter minimum_access_region_size can be set. This sets the minimum axis width of the access region, which is essential when a non-uniform domain decomposition is required.
• Remove the Exception when a rank does not receive macro-scale vertices via direct access. This can happen if the access region is too small or too obscure, leaving no macro-scale vertices within it.
• Add an Exception when a rank has no macro-scale vertices, but lazy initialization is used, because then the rank cannot collect initial data to calculate the initial adaptivity on.

Checklist:

• I added a summary of the changes (compared to the last release) in the CHANGELOG.md.
• If necessary, I made changes to the documentation and/or added new content.
• I will remember to squash-and-merge, providing a useful summary of the changes of this PR.