[PR #1263/5f7586d7 backport][3.13] Fix python_version parsing for workers with hyphens in their hostname

[gerrod3]

This is a backport of PR #1263 as merged into main (5f7586d).

Patchback failed to cherry-pick due to conflicts — the 3.13 branch uses get_project_metadata_from_artifact instead of get_project_metadata_from_file, so the equivalent fix was applied manually.

📜 Checklist

• Commits are cleanly separated with meaningful messages (simple features and bug fixes should be squashed to one commit)
• A changelog entry or entries has been added for any significant changes
• Follows the Pulp policy on AI Usage
• (For new features) - User documentation and test coverage has been added

See: Pull Request Walkthrough

Test plan

• CI passes on the 3.13 branch

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