[codex] Clarify prefix-match suffix documentation

[Sean-Kenneth-Doherty]

Summary

• clarify that prefix-match wildcards must end at a release segment
• list pre-release, post-release, developmental release, and local version suffixes as invalid before .*
• add examples for 1.0a1.*, 1.0.post1.*, 1.0.dev1.*, and 1.0+foo1.*

Why

The current version-matching text only calls out developmental and local suffixes. pypa/packaging#831 notes that this makes post-release prefix matches like ==1.2.3.post4.* look valid from the spec text even though packaging rejects them. This updates the docs to match the implemented behavior and complements pypa/packaging#1188.

Tests

• uvx nox -s build
• git diff --check

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://python-packaging-user-guide--2049.org.readthedocs.build/en/2049/

[Sean-Kenneth-Doherty]

Reverified locally and moved this out of draft. Validation from this pass:

• uvx nox -s build -> Sphinx build succeeded
• git diff --check origin/main...HEAD -> passed