Final and prerelease control for package selection

docs/html/user_guide.rst

@@ -296,6 +296,55 @@ Example build constraints file (``build-constraints.txt``):
    # Pin Cython for packages that use it to build
    cython==0.29.24
 
+Controlling Pre-release Installation
+=====================================
+
+By default, pip installs stable versions of packages, unless their specifier includes
+a pre-release version (e.g., ``SomePackage>=1.0a1``) or if there are no stable versions
+available that satisfy the requirement. The ``--all-releases``and ``--only-final``
+options provide per-package control over pre-release selection.
+
+Use ``--all-releases`` to allow pre-releases for specific packages:
+
+.. tab:: Unix/macOS
+
+   .. code-block:: shell
+
+      python -m pip install --all-releases=DependencyPackage SomePackage
+      python -m pip install --all-releases=:all: SomePackage
+
+.. tab:: Windows
+
+   .. code-block:: shell
+
+      py -m pip install --all-releases=DependencyPackage SomePackage
+      py -m pip install --all-releases=:all: SomePackage
+
+Use ``--only-final`` to explicitly disable pre-releases for specific packages:
+
+.. tab:: Unix/macOS
+
+   .. code-block:: shell
+
+      python -m pip install --only-final=DependencyPackage SomePackage
+      python -m pip install --only-final=:all: SomePackage
+
+.. tab:: Windows
+
+   .. code-block:: shell
+
+      py -m pip install --only-final=DependencyPackage SomePackage
+      py -m pip install --only-final=:all: SomePackage
+
+Both options accept ``:all:`` to apply to all packages, ``:none:`` to clear
+the setting, or comma-separated package names. Package-specific settings
+override ``:all:``. These options can also be used in requirements files.
+
+.. note::
+
+   The ``--pre`` flag is equivalent to ``--all-releases :all:`` but cannot
+   be combined with ``--all-releases`` or ``--only-final``.
+
 
 .. _`Dependency Groups`:
 

news/13221.feature.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add ``--all-releases`` and ``--only-final`` options to control pre-release
+and final release selection during package installation.

src/pip/_internal/build_env.py

@@ -188,6 +188,12 @@ def install(
                 )
             )
 
+        if finder.release_control is not None:
+            # Use ordered args to preserve the user's original command-line order
+            # This is important because later flags can override earlier ones
+            for attr_name, value in finder.release_control.get_ordered_args():
+                args.extend(("--" + attr_name.replace("_", "-"), value))
+
         index_urls = finder.index_urls
         if index_urls:
             args.extend(["-i", index_urls[0]])
@@ -206,8 +212,6 @@ def install(
             args.extend(["--cert", finder.custom_cert])
         if finder.client_cert:
             args.extend(["--client-cert", finder.client_cert])
-        if finder.allow_all_prereleases:
-            args.append("--pre")
         if finder.prefer_binary:
             args.append("--prefer-binary")
 

src/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 from pip._internal.locations import USER_CACHE_DIR, get_src_prefix
 from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
 from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.release_control import ReleaseControl
 from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
 from pip._internal.utils.hashes import STRONG_HASHES
 from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
@@ -580,6 +581,86 @@ def only_binary() -> Option:
     )
 
 
+def _get_release_control(values: Values, option: Option) -> Any:
+    """Get a release_control object."""
+    return getattr(values, option.dest)
+
+
+def _handle_all_releases(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_release_control(parser.values, option)
+    existing.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.all_releases,
+        existing.only_final,
+        "all_releases",
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_only_final(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_release_control(parser.values, option)
+    existing.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.only_final,
+        existing.all_releases,
+        "only_final",
+    )
+
+
+def all_releases() -> Option:
+    release_control = ReleaseControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--all-releases",
+        dest="release_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_all_releases,
+        type="str",
+        default=release_control,
+        help="Allow all release types (including pre-releases) for a package. "
+        "Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing "
+        'value. Accepts either ":all:" to allow pre-releases for all '
+        'packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice the colons), or one or '
+        "more package names with commas between them (no colons). Cannot be "
+        "used with --pre.",
+    )
+
+
+def only_final() -> Option:
+    release_control = ReleaseControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--only-final",
+        dest="release_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_only_final,
+        type="str",
+        default=release_control,
+        help="Only allow final releases (no pre-releases) for a package. Can be "
+        "supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. "
+        'Accepts either ":all:" to disable pre-releases for all packages, '
+        '":none:" to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas '
+        "between them. Cannot be used with --pre.",
+    )
+
+
+def check_release_control_exclusive(options: Values) -> None:
+    """
+    Raise an error if --pre is used with --all-releases or --only-final,
+    and transform --pre into --all-releases :all: if used alone.
+    """
+    if not hasattr(options, "pre") or not options.pre:
+        return
+
+    release_control = options.release_control
+    if release_control.all_releases or release_control.only_final:
+        raise CommandError("--pre cannot be used with --all-releases or --only-final.")
+
+    # Transform --pre into --all-releases :all:
+    release_control.all_releases.add(":all:")
+
+
 platforms: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
     Option,
     "--platform",

src/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py

@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ def _build_package_finder(
         selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
             allow_yanked=True,
             format_control=options.format_control,
-            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            release_control=options.release_control,
             prefer_binary=options.prefer_binary,
             ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
         )

src/pip/_internal/commands/download.py

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.all_releases())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_final())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ def run(self, options: Values, args: list[str]) -> int:
 
         cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options)
         cmdoptions.check_build_constraints(options)
+        cmdoptions.check_release_control_exclusive(options)
 
         options.download_dir = normalize_path(options.download_dir)
         ensure_dir(options.download_dir)

src/pip/_internal/commands/index.py

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
 
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.all_releases())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_final())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.json())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
@@ -59,6 +61,8 @@ def handler_map(self) -> dict[str, Callable[[Values, list[str]], None]]:
         }
 
     def run(self, options: Values, args: list[str]) -> int:
+        cmdoptions.check_release_control_exclusive(options)
+
         handler_map = self.handler_map()
 
         # Determine action
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ def _build_package_finder(
         # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
         selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
             allow_yanked=False,
-            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            release_control=options.release_control,
             ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
         )
 

src/pip/_internal/commands/install.py

@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.build_constraints())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.all_releases())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_final())
 
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(
@@ -303,6 +305,7 @@ def run(self, options: Values, args: list[str]) -> int:
 
         cmdoptions.check_build_constraints(options)
         cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options, check_target=True)
+        cmdoptions.check_release_control_exclusive(options)
 
         logger.verbose("Using %s", get_pip_version())
         options.use_user_site = decide_user_install(

src/pip/_internal/commands/list.py

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
                 "pip only finds stable versions."
             ),
         )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.all_releases())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_final())
 
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(
             "--format",
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ def _build_package_finder(
         # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
         selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
             allow_yanked=False,
-            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            release_control=options.release_control,
         )
 
         return PackageFinder.create(
@@ -166,6 +168,8 @@ def _build_package_finder(
         )
 
     def run(self, options: Values, args: list[str]) -> int:
+        cmdoptions.check_release_control_exclusive(options)
+
         if options.outdated and options.uptodate:
             raise CommandError("Options --outdated and --uptodate cannot be combined.")
 

src/pip/_internal/commands/lock.py

@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.build_constraints())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.all_releases())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_final())
 
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
 
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ def run(self, options: Values, args: list[str]) -> int:
         )
 
         cmdoptions.check_build_constraints(options)
+        cmdoptions.check_release_control_exclusive(options)
 
         session = self.get_default_session(options)
 

src/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py

@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
                 "pip only finds stable versions."
             ),
         )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.all_releases())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_final())
 
         self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
 
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ def add_options(self) -> None:
     @with_cleanup
     def run(self, options: Values, args: list[str]) -> int:
         cmdoptions.check_build_constraints(options)
+        cmdoptions.check_release_control_exclusive(options)
 
         session = self.get_default_session(options)